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Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seui cliche, il est film6 d partir de I'angle supirieur gauche, de gauche h droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mithode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 MKROCOPV RBOUJTION TBT CHART (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) 1.0 !£■ lift tti . Hi I IB I u •^ u VUu I 2^ 2.2 2.0 1.8 TIPPLED IN4/OE Ir 1653 East Main Strxt RochMtw, Nn fork U609 USA (716) ♦82 - 0300 - Phone (716) 288-S989-FOX THE CANADIAN BOY SCOUT THE BOY SCOUTS PATROlf NIS MA/ESTY K'INC GEORGE f . THE CHIEF SCOUT SIR ROHERT BADENPOWELL. CHIEF SCOUT FOR CANADA Hu Exc,a,ncy Ih, G,n>*rHor.Gtn*ral EARL GREY, G.C.M.C. DOMimOR COUNCIL I COMMISSIONERS Chief Commianioner: Colonel Sherwood. M.V O and "sutant commiMioners. Appointed by the Dominion Councl to mspect. and to act as it, local repr.Mn.ative.. PROVINCIAL COUNCILS Composed of leading representative men in each Province, to father the Local Associa.ion.. I WCAL ASSOCIATIONS Composed of local representative men interested in work among boys and of Scoutmasters. To ■dmmister and develop the movement locally. With Local Secrrt;,rv to keep Register and to report to the Commissioner. TROOPS Under Scoutmasters. Containing three or more Patrol, I PATROLS Under boy leaders. Containing six to eight Scouts. SCOUTS Including: Silver Wolves, Kings Scouts. All-round Scouts. 1st class, md class Scouts, and Tenderfoots DEDICATED BV PERMISSION TO HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES AND HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCE ALBERT THE BOY SCOUT THE CANADIAN BOY SCOUT A HANDBOOK FOR INSTRUCTION IN GOOD CITIZENSHIP BY SIR ROBERT BADEN-POWELL K.C.B.. K.C.V.O., LL.D, TORONTO MORANG & CO., LIMITED 191 1 nil CorraiGHT, Canada, 191 i, bt LIEUT.^ENERAL SIR ROBERT S. BADEN-POWELL. PREFACE 'Seeing that the Boy Scouts movement promises to spread so wdely m Canada and that the training- in the Old Coum^ ■« T::XeTr ^"^\^''^-"* -"^-t-- *« those z:i^:i ° t. . / '^ "'"^"""^ '° '■"P'"°^"^^ ^^'^ original book o1 Scout Tn'/r^' " r'r' ^"' ^-"^"^^^ *° ^"'^ *« Canadian Scouts m their own land, and I sincerely hope that it may be found of use by Scoutmasters and Scouts in their endeavor to attam eflScieucy. u«vor m EXPLANATION OF SCOUTING (See also Chapter X.J N.B.~ Sentences in italics throughout the book are addressed to Scoutmasters {Instructors). By the term " scouting " is meant the work and attributes of backwoodsmen, explorers, and frontiersmen. In giving the elements of these to boys we supply a system of games and practices which meets their desires and instincts, and is at the same time educative. From the boys' point of view Scouting puts them into fratermty-gangs, which is their natural organization, whether for games, mischief, or loafing; it gives them a smart dress and egmpments; tt appeals to their imagination and romance; and it engages them in an active, open-air life. From the parents' point of view it gives physical health and development; tt teaches energy, resourcefulness, and handicrafts; tt puts into the lad discipline, pluck, chivalry, and patriotism; tn a word, tt develops ''character,'^ which is more essential than anything else to a lad for making his way in life, and which is yet practually untaught in the schools. The method of instruction in "Scouting" is thai of creating tn the boy the desire to learn for himself, and not by drilling knowledge into him. From the national point of view our aim is solely to make the rtstng generation into good citizens. We avoid mUitary training for reasons given in Chapter X, and we do not interfere with the reltgton of the boy. Moreover, Scouting appeals to boys of every class, and can be carrted out tn towns just as well as in the country. Experience now shows that by using this handbook any one can teacn scouttng to boys, even though he may have no previous knowledge of it himself. He should begin mth small numbers, ix X The Canadian Boy Scout <^ patrol oriwo of eight boys. A great step is to hn^ n lu^ ,,J^l^u ^'^'^^ ^ *^t sufficient knowledge in anv ons street he can generaUy get a friend who TanZZTcZ and gtve his troop the required instruction «.f n*"*"' ^ .T^ ^ '^ ^"^ ^'Ives, by their work ^h^^ii^ng. Various ways of niaking monJyZe^Zi; B^^I'U'u^^^^^ ^ '"^^^^ o'Sanizations, such as Boys' Brigades, Clubs, Schools, Training-ships, etc. ^ Toronto, January, igri. RS.S.B.-P. o» tnqutrtes should be dtr^ to the Secretary, CAPT. R. J, BlRDWmSTLE, Castle Building, Ottawa. CONTENTS PREFACE . '*«« •••••vii EXPLANATION OF SCOUTING .... CHAPTER I SCOUTCRAFT Camp Fire Yam. No. i. Scouts' Work Camp Fire Yarn. No. 2. Summary of Scouts' Course of Inl ^ struction ... "• *u Camp Fire Yarn. No. 3. Boy Scouts' Organization' '. [ "2 Camp Fire Yarn. No. 4. Scout Law • • 22 SO CHAPTER 11 Campaigning Camp Fire Yam. No. 5. Life in the Open . ,, Camp Fire Yam. No. 6. Sea Scoutine • • . 58 Camp Fire Yam. No. 7. Signals and Command. .* .* .* & CHAPTER III Camp Life Camp Fire Yam. No. 8. Pioneering Camp Fire Yam. No. 9. Camping ..*****'' Camp Fire Yarn. No., o. Camp ct,king. .* ] [ [j^J CHAPTER IV Tracking Camp Fire Yam. No. 11. Observation of «Si«n« Camp Fire Yam. No. 12. Spooring . » • • • "7 Camp Fire Yam. No. ,3. Reading « Sign " or Dedu^on .* . ,'50 ai xu The Canadian Boy Scout CHAPTER V Woodcraft, or Knowledge of Animals .nd Nature ^amp Fire Yarn. No. 14. Stalking Camp Fire Yam. No. 15. Animals Camp Fire Yarn. No. 16. Plants CHAPTER VI Endurance for Scouts, or How to be Strong Camp Fire Yarn. No. ,7. How to Grow Strong . Camp Fire Yarn. No. 18. Health-giving Habits Camp F.re Yarn. No. ,9. Preventbn of Disea« ' ' Camp Fire Yarn. Camp Fire Yarn. Camp Fire Yarn. CHAPTER VII Chivalry of the Knights No. 20. Chivalry to Others . No. 21. Self-discipline . No. 22. Self-improvement . CHAPTER Vni Saving Life, or Ho to Deal with Accidents CaZ V-" v'"' ^- ''■ ^' "^'^^'^ '^' Accidents v-amo Fire Yarn M« ■,. a jj-_. . .. Scouting for Boys . INDEX . CHAPTER X FAGB '59 166 182 188 201 209 . 222 • 231 . 238 250 ro», , V ^7 I •'■ '^'«:p«»reu lor Accidents Them •/*• ^"'"^"*» ^"' "°* *« "^-^ *ith Camp Fire Yarn. No.' 25. Helping Others" '.'..', ^^^ CHAPTER IX Patriotism, or our Duties as Citizens Camp Fire Yam. No. 26. Our Empire . Camp Fire Yam. No. 27. Citizenship . ' * * ' 'f Camp Fire Yarn. No. 28. United we Stand -Divided we FaU ." 295' 305 329 ± Scouts Camp. Brownska Island POOLK. T5 «^ CcuuuuL^ t^ -I OKc *^ 0^4 Ql^ /^H#w i^f^-H^ ZItt Wfe- f>^ /C^ k«^;^ fc; ,,,^ dr H*,iu,j^ ^ '^ '^' C tft; !<>>»>» Cwf 6-tt Y#w ^ '2^' jn»5- — ^^^^ o^ wtnk ^ for a fdloS who other lay^^ °'^'"' '^'" ^'^"S'^ ^' -"^^ be a 8,^'^ in From what I have seen of you Canadian boys I have a ereat adm.rat.on for you. You are already good Scouts in tht tSds but to be perfectly reliable you mustllso be sure ?hat yoSVre discphned and can obey orders, however distasteful hey may be without any hesitation — and cheerily ^ ^ Canada can be a very big nation in a few years if each one nLTadf m;"rb^ii%''.^ ^" -aking it ^ ^ rn'adon": men If thlJo? ^ tern ory or wealth, it is made by its men. « thev are men of grit and energy who work toSther l.ke afootbalf team, each in his place aniT' playiiTrthe «me " win ^nThev^^S? mJS %"' *° ^^ ^^'^^^ °^ tL"f aptaifley Tull !, *J y '"f . '* a Srea nation. If they only lc:rf througn the game, each in his own way, it is not iS that IhJ. countrj' will succeed against others. ^ *** **"* So— play up, Canadian lads I " Plav the iram«» » c;„i, o^ personal comfort, think for yoS'Smrand wo kVa°rS' each one of you, to be an all-round good Scout who can S rehed upon in a Ught comer to stick It out and JSy orfer^ Your friend, ROBERT BADEN-POWELL, xrii CHAPTER I SCOUTCRAFT NOTES TO nrSTRUCTORS Instruction in scouting should be given as far as possible thromh practices, games, and competitions. ^ ^" *^^«/T '^"^^^ organized mainly as team matches, where the tngt ' """"^ ^'^ " ^'''^■^^' "^ ^"^y ^<^'^- str'J^tVSplL'' '^'' '' '^ ^ ^^ ^^^ --^^ - - in- fJ.t^'ff ^''"'* '" ^'^ ^''"^ ""' '" ^'^'"^^ "^y ^^ ^i^^ hy scout, masters where necessary to suit local conditions wMchu!^l ftl^'- r "^''^y "-^^^ "' suggestions, upon pelS^ZXZ '''' "^^ ^-^lop further game's, cL Severai of the games given here are founded on those in Mr Thompson Seton's "Birchbark Roll of the Woodcraft I ^ians^' '(t'i f'^rU^' ^''*'^''''" ^^^^' Hunt), "Quick S" "Lid~Z ^{^^''^^»S games are quoted from the book tJLt'^Vf-'' '"^^^f'^^f"' f^ distribution of the work for tite first week. It ts merely a sugg^Hon and in no sense binding. * The Canadian Boy Scout much i™BiUo«yeiSSJaJf«tal"'Jf.'i «.•"'" i?!'- '^^ WiWr EVENING INDOORS ^/«/«, efc. ^^^' "^^ demonstrations or lantern Form patrols, and give shoulder knots. FOLLOWING DAY ■ P/fctical work, outdoors if possible, as follows ■ ~ Jlternat.es according to wkether in tJn iZuntry, indoors or MORNING Parade, hoist Union Jack and salute it Scouimg game: e.g., -Scout Meets Scour (see M,e ,2\ chalk (to be rJJJ^^;^;; ' " "'^'^ ""''' ^'^* '^ Tie knots. '' Make ration bags, leather buttons, etc • i^uite%7;7zli7Jr sS^{TZTjZr' ''"^ '^ '''''' '^'' >^- Joint, Prjiise scout's pact (see page 21 <) ■Tmlge dtslancfs (see page 101). Scouts' Work - AFTERNOON Play an extended scouting game {see "Games^ page «) Or tndoors tf wet — '^Ju-Jitsu," "Scouts' War DairJ" h.^ tng, scouts' chorus and rally, etc. War Dance, box- EVENING {see7age%'. ^'''''' ^''"^ ^^" *'"'* or from books recommended Or rehearse a scout play, hold debate, Kim's game etc Patrols 0 continue practtce in these throughZ the week in thetr crwnUtneor under the scoutmaster, with find gams Zex^ ctseson the following Saturday afternooii <" games or exer- CAMP FIRE YARN. No. 1 SCOUTS' WORK Peace Scouts — "Kim" — Mafeking Peace Scouts »ni f^^^l ^J^'y- Canadian boy wishes to help his country and the great Empire to which he belongs in some way or oThe7 JoX a -^uJ: '' "'^^*^ '^ ^^" ^° - -"y -^ that is'by hiAu °"*' ^^ ^°^ ^''°!'' '" generaUy a soldier who is chosen for J^H TT' ^"u^ P*"^'' to go out in front of an army in^ar to a'bourtlt'" ''' '"^"^ '''' ^"^ ''^'' to the coZandeT aS But, besides war scouts, there are also peace scouts ie men of'^abSiSS'' rrse'"^ r T"" ^^^^ ^^^-- the ^- ^n'S Pm^?r ^u S^^^ ^'^ the frontiersmen of all parts of the te-Afric^ Z'l'^K °-^ "^""''^ America, the hunters ol otTo;i1?o^J[^.^^^^^^^^ real men m every sense of the word, and thorougSy^p'L^ot: II i 4 The Canadian Boy Scout how to look after their health when £ away^^^^^^^^ tors, are strong and plucky, are ready to face Vnrd'aiSL^ and ^aLT^'r^""'^- ^\¥p each other. They are?ccttomed to take their bves in their hands, and to fling then f^.wn Sou? hesitation if they can help their country by doSg ^ °"' They give up everything, their percx>nal comforts and desires in order to get their work done. They do not do all thiS heir own amusement, but because it is their duty to their S ' fellow-countrymen, or employers • ^' The history of the Empire has been made' by British ad- venturers and explorers, the scouts of the nation, for hundreds of years past up to the present time. ' ^"^^«^« Ihe Kmghts of King Arthur, Richard Cceur d.- Lion and thp Crusaders earned British chivalry into distant pS o" tt QueettlS't^^; rii^?"!" Jf" ^"^'?' ^°^^^^ ^"d sailors of « Si fu , *™°,' ^^^^ unknown dangers of strange seas as well as the known dangers of powerful enemies to tLkeTd hold new lands for the expansion of England ' ""* countSs" ^S^Ve" B^akef a' ^^^'''-""^ '" '"^^' ""^^^ "P -- ♦w if Vu P^ ' ^^'^^^y and Livingstone pushed their wav tto-ough the savage deserts and forests of Afri^ ; Dav^s FraTk^ hn and Ross braved the ice and snows of the Arctic rerions Bovd^l^'T' 'T' ^"'°"^' '^' ^''^' ^""ter, and L^Sant Boyd Alexander, who recently crossed Africa, are peace scouts of Jt^Zf-^ ^"? \^'^ ^/'"^ ^"' °^ ">^^y hundredsVf the SmS ?he .fn^ ^'^ "^^^ ^r^ ^'""^ ^" ^^'^ d^'^ to the present spread the good name and power of Great Britain in all pai ofZ And there have been women scouts of the natioi too • mirh as Grace Darhng, who risked her life to save a shlpwrkSi" crew Florence Nightingale, who nursed sick soldiers ST^e CriS mJI ^!!^^«,gsley. the African explorer; Lady Wd k Afnca and Alaska; and many devoted ladV missionaries and nurses m aU parts of the Empire. These have shown Xt rirls as well as boys may well learn scouting while th^are voSi and ^ be able to do useful work in the worid as they growTdef It is a grand hfe, but it cannot suddenly be taken uobvanv f^t tL^r^and'*^ ^°"^' '''' ''' "'^^^^ ^ '^- P-P-^ ^-S^ (( Kim » Scouting also comes in very useful in any kind of life vou like aty. Sir William Crookes says it is even valuable for a man who goes ,n for science finding out little things about air and lt^^\"^sZ A"V'' "^'"'^^ BruntonVints out' how necessary it is tor a doctor or a surgeon. So I am going to show you how you can learn scoutcraft for yourself and can put it inti practice at home ''°"*"^" ^^' It IS very easy to learn and very interesting when you get into It. You ca .est learn by joining the " Boy ^ --.*^" ^ " Kim " p ^A '^'!P^''^'rP\^ of what a boy scout can do is to be found in Rudyard Kipling's story of " Kim." " f»,r*^™'f *"■' '° ^^^ ^"^ ^^^ ^"" name, Kimball O'Hara was the son of a f.ergeant of an Irish regiment in India H?.fefh!! and mother died while he was a child, and he had be"n l^ft to the care of an aunt who lived in a humble way in IndL His playmates were all natives, so he got to talk their Ian guage and to know their ways better than any Wpean IE bjame great fnends with an old wandering^ pn^X was ior?fSi^% ^^"' ""^ ^'^ ^^^"^ he traveUed aU over The north part of that country. At last, one day he chanced to mee? his father's old regiment on the line of march, and'n ^sS the camp he was arrested on suspicion of beiAg a tSer ffif birth certificate and other papers were found on him and Se regiment, seeing that he had belonged to them, toorcharl of him, and started to ed.-ate him. But whenever h^ rS I away for holidays, he dressed himfei in Man do Ls and went again among the natives as one of them H«oi • ^ 1^™^ ^,^ ^^""^ acquainted with a Mr. Lurean a dealer m old jewellery and curiosities, who, owing to Ws knowl mf t iTir '"^"^T.^*^ "^*^^^«' ^^« a member of the Govern." ment Iiitelhgence Department. v^vern- This man finding that Kim had such special knowledge of native habits and customs, saw that he w^d make Tu^fu agent for government intelligence work that is 7 li^A ( 6 The Canadian Boy Scout f«t tecs fi^^rsiTrcS Ss „™ ^i *"*"« "" "■•'•n«-"ita-J«i and quickTSSn then gave him lessons at noticing small details and rememSiw which IS a most important pdint in the training ofa^fiw-' Sa^^Set^'he m^^™.""" >- P-ctising !^r? Cif'ke j/lSTIJ y" K P«ci^Sn^^?dSt^r J^-lS «t"'tt2d'^:c3resrontiK hrsis.°'^rtf^;s»^-tcr,>iirr^^^^^ Uon Kim got away from the' neighborhood of the touK ^derers. and was able to give wfming to his frieodto^ " Kim " 7 The members of the Intelligence Service are very numerous in India, and do not know each other by sight, so they have to have a secret sign by which they will recognize each other among other people who may be their enemies. Once, when travelling in the train, Kim met another member whom he did not know. This was a native, who when he got into the carnage was evidently in a great state of alarm, and was rather badly cut about the head and arms. He explained to the other passengers that he had met with an accident from a cart while he was driving to the station, but Kim, like a good scout, noticed that the cuts were sharp and not grazes such as you would get by faUing from a cart, and so did not believe him. While the man was tying up a bandage over his head, Kim noticed that he was weanng a locket like Ws own, so Kim let his own be seen. Directly the man saw it he brought into conversation some of the secret words, and Kim answered with the proper ones m reply So then the stranger got into a corner with Kim and explained to him that he was carrying out some secret service work, and had been found out and hunted by some of the enemies of the government, who had neariy killed him. They probably knew he was in the train, and would therefore telegraph down the hne to their friends that he was coming. He wished to get his message to a certain police officer without being caught by the enemy, but he could not teU how to do it if they were already warned of his coming. Kim thereupon hit upon the idea of disguising him. In India there are a number of holy beggars who go about the coimtry. They wear next to no clothing and smear themselves with ashes, and pamt certain marks on their faces; they are con- sidered very holy, and people always help them with food and money. So Kim made a mixture of flour and wood ashes, which he took from the bowl of a native pipe, and he undressed his fnend and smeared these all over him, and finally, with the aid of a httle paint-box which he carried he painted the proper marks on the man s forehead. He smeared the man's wounds with flour and ashes, partly so as to heal them, and also so that they did not show; and he brushed his hair down to look wild and shaggy like that of a beggar, and covered it with dust, so that the man s own mother would not have known him. Soon after- wards they arrived at a big station where on the platform they tound the pohce officer ; d whom the report was to be made The notation beggar pushed up against him and was abused by the officer in English; the beggar repUed with a string of naUve abuse 8 The Canadian Boy Scout marched him off to t&ice sStlon^T^'^t^ *° ^"^^^ him and quietly. It was thus d^e wkhou? "Inv ?' '°"'^u'^"^ ^° ^^^ knowing that they were in leTime wVk^ ?^ Z'' ^^^ P'^^^o^m dejjttl^t^i'an'^^^^^^^^^^^^ agent of the India - and was able to rive Wm .r. f " ?' ^^^^ ^""^ ^^""1 « two Russian officers who wer^ Z? ^^^^ assistance in capturing on the north-westTrontL of IndS"'' '' '^''' '^"'"'' '^^ ^"^'^^ Ja'^^i^Trtl^e^^L^^^^^^^ travelled with them for sZe til '^^ ^^^ ^"«"«h' ^nd prince. In this way he Lme t„ t^o ^^''^P'-^^entative of this cret papers in their uLTg^ At W h""^" •"iJ'y ^'^P* '^'^ ^^ them and a holy priest whom th ^ ''fsed trouble between excitement among the n;tTves win ^t"^''''«^^^ "-^"^^^ «reat and were lost in^thfdaKss Kim '^ ""^ ^'^ '^' ^^^^«« tives, opened the luggle and fo..S^i, ""'^^ ""^ ^'"^"g thfni- took out and carried^fXSquartefs ' """'^ ^^P^"^' ^^"^^ ^e These and other adventures aflcL because they show what valuable w^t l'^*'" "^""'^^ reading, his country if he is s^ri^nf N f -^'^ ^ ^^ ^^°"t can do for gent. ^ ' suffiaently tramed and sufficiently intelU- MafeWng Boy Scouts to be prepa^ed ilcanaJi S*£;^Ii.a^^L^J' "^^^^ always ready Would any of you do that? Tf "* "''^ ^° *^^''' "^^ ^very tW street, and /werfto ^S/ on'of yortoTaTe^^ ^ '""« ^^^ ^^« house on the other side, wo^d you do it? ? """"'^^^ ^"°'' *° * to bathing thinks nothing of ir as heh.^^ "^^^ 'I ^'^^^"stomed over a^ain ; but ask a boy to do It wh^l Practised it over and and he will probably back out ^^ "'^"' P^^^^^ed it, . ^^/^^^^Ir^^^^^^^^^ accustomed to obey orders order him to do a thing on actlf^^^ • °' "°'' ^^« "foment you danger is to him he d^s^flK^"'^' i!^'"^"^^ how great the cared to obey would IS^obWt' anf '' f?^u^^° ^^ "^ver " a. a coward, even by Smei friend ^""^^ ^^^'^ ^^ despised Course of Instruction ix But you need not wait for war in order to be useful as a scout ^u JSIy L"°"' "'" " "''"'^ '" ^°" '° '° ^"y day"whe"eve; BOOKS TC READ The following books, which may be had from a Public I i Cha'^terV: - '"'"''' "^^ "^ '°""^ ""^"' in conn'ectbn ^^^^^^ ij r3°K «^ Ranger," by Herbert Strang. Price 6s (Pub- ienl^^ ^t^'' ^"^ Stoughton.) Describes the exc ting ad ventures of boy scouts in Canada in the early days, indudh^ trackmg and backwoods life. ^ ' *"*^'"^^8 „ „. , Also, Kidnapped " by R. L. Stevenson. Price 8d. ^Kim, by Rudyard Kipling. Price 6s. '< Twf ° ,,^^^^'^»"R'" ,!^y Major F. Baillie. Price 6s. 6s. nltT ^''^^''' ''^ ^'"""^ Thompson Seton. Price 3s. '6d ne^tt ^""^ ^^'^••^"'" ^X Miss Charlotte Mason. Price "The Romance of Every Day," by L. Quiller Couch. Gives inspiring instances of heroism in everyday life. Price « Heroes of Pioneering," by Edgar Sanderson. Pricl 5s CAMP FIRE YARN. NO. 2 SUMMARY OF SCOUTS' COURSE OP IHSTRUCTIOH To become a boy scout you should r^l^J^^}f^ • ° I ^^^ secretary. A list of these is published periodically m the Headquarters Gazette. P^uusnea 2. Join, with the written permission of your parent a natrol or troop raised by any man in your neighborho^ ' ^ 3- Join one of the other organizations for boys who use the ifcS'^T Zr^V^ '^''' instruction. Patrols shoiUd! asK o T .^/" f ^"' '^' "fT ^S^- O"^ ^y is then chosen Sv to be^S rn^T*"^"^ the patrol, and he selects another S^ *u r ^°T^''al or second in command. Several patrols ^^^er one month's training as a " tenderfoot " you all take the j^^^KS promise, that is, you promise, on your honor, three things, 12 The Canadian Boy Scout I I' T^ i^i ^"[ **"^y ^ God and the Kina If you like. But don't be a '' MonL d*'^^'?' "•■ " the Rats/ ^t plays games, bu tT no SL ''^'l '^"' ''*' '^ ^'^^'^^ No scout may ever use the rrii f ' "t ^""^ ^"^ "« badges law binds you to be iLl jjn^' 1 ^1*^'''" P^^rol. The scout of your work then conlts in nlkSn^""'' '"^ '^^'^^^- Mo^ tices by which you gain ev^rCZ^ '^'"'^ «*"'^^ a"{^^'^ll^ttS'^^^^^^ S" ^° - ''^ ^-•'^ and what pace the%nimal warJoLV wt ^^^'^^^^^ ^"*^h as, at unsuspicious, and so on. ifSlI^fh^'J.H'^^'/"^^^*"^ way in the forest or desert ft t^ll l^™'^*" ^'so to li^ "r aesert, it teaches hun which are th« ^9 Course of Instruction 13 wild fruits roots, etc., for his own food, or which are favorite food for animals, and, therefore, likely to attract them . Ji f ""* "^t^' '" '^Py^'nR '" civilized countries youread the T^V^ u'""' *'?'^' **'*^y*^'«' «^^^- "^"d find out from Uies^ hat has been gomj? on; noticing by small signs, such as birds ca"nn:;L'rr "''' '"^^ ""^ °"^ '^ moving'neir. though you By noticing little things on the ground you will often find lost articles, which you can then restore to their owners By roticmg details of harness, and so on, you can often save a horse from the pain of an ill-fitting strap or bit and •lfh",T!l"'!K*'*' ^'^'''''°' °' ^':^' "^ P*^!^'^'' ^"d putting this ^^. V^*"^*"! •■' y°" ''*" sometimes see that they are uplo no good and can thus prevent a crime, or you can often tell wh"n they are in distress and need help or sympathy - and you ran taen do what is one of the chief duties of a scout, namely Mr, thwe m distress in any possible way that you c;n ^' ' Remember that it is a disgrace to a scout if, when he is with r w"tr?PK'''if'''y "^ f"y''^"«' ^'^ °^ ""'-. near or far! Wgh or ' jw, that he has not already seen for himself Campaigning. -Scouts must, of course, Ik- accustomed to hving m the open; they have to know how to put up t^ts ir huts for themselves; how to lav and light a fire- how to kill rut an'd'r^fts'tow f^H';K'°" '^ 't '^^'^o^ether to malTe lridg"e^ But very few boys learn or practise these things when thev are living in civilized places, because they W comfortable houses and beds to sleep in, their food is prepared and c^d Hicem;." '" "^^ ^'"' '° "^"^^ '^' ^^y " »h«y ^k a Well, when those boys go out on the prairie, or try to eo scouting, they find themselves helpless duffers ^ ^ hJnn/-'M^P^^'"i*^ y.^"' ^°°t^^" o"- l^aseball team and put c^n S aft J wZ?; 'h ^^^^ ? boy-trapper, and see which Sr 'P?*',*"/'^ himself He is only a tenderfoot, and would be the object o continual fun until he got some scou craft hito him And scoutcraft, mind you, comes in useful in any iie of We very little use — though they are good games to nlav anH come m useful to a certain extent in trfSg a S^y^s eTe nerve, and temper. But they are not to be^mpa?id S scouting, whicb teaches a boy to be a man "'™P^'^«* ^^h I t '4 The Canadian Boy Scout [Make each boy lay a fire in his own way and li^hi ii a a failures, shaw them the rieht wav a7 ^■^, *^' ^^^ chips and shavino^ 7^7 .r u^ ^ '^'' ^*<:ote use of dry them doit hZ^'£u^I'Z.\^'''^^^^ ^"^ ^ke Chapter IIlT ^^'^ ^'^^ ^^^ ^ to tie knots. See Bn^r^aJIVleir^iiS wtf^e^'l^e^^j!^ ^^ ^he scouts of' Jaw which we have now and3^ ^ S^ ^^^ ^ ^« ^o"t have, too. We are of The same bTn^^^ ?^ ''^*' ^^ J^P*«ese keep up h .ir good nameVnT^oll rin^I^^fC^ "' °"^'^ ^° to?&rJh:;t^'u55 '^St~^^^^'^^^ thing telling a li^ or sTeaC thev woi^dt^r^'t'^ ^"«' ^"<^h ^ They were always Sv to fiZ ^K^^^^^"" ^'^ ^han do it. their king, or XirreL on ^o^ th"^^ \^ ^"^^ '" "P^o^ding them went out to PaSe Vthe H J ^^'^/n' thousands of Chri^ian rehgion agalnTtL^S^h^mL^dl^^^^^^^^ ^^« fl^^l^XnZfL a:rta:^h^ ~ -- -n- five scouts. ^ ^^^"^ ^^ ^'s corporal and four or Their honor was sacred They were loyal to God and their tog, and to their coun- jTdScs^dTi^firxi: """ '""" '" ^' "-"■ They were helpful to everybody. * J^ssLlrrt:5rj'--™"'«'-''-ed or^el^To'hfar'trdo'S "Ct'S^ "" "''« *" forSS??heri^° ^h«" ''?" 'o'"." the example of your one of theC S^kttt tto th^ ""JJ J"*^ nationito you get up i„ the mo,3^r«memtJ S,"?! "f.^ "■'«■ **'» that you have got to do a Course of Instruction A BOY scout's necktie IS good turn for some one during the d ■ tlf -. '-,,«.■ ;» handkerchief or necktie, and lea've the 1 1l of yourlid UeZ' side your waistcoat to remind your- "^" self of it; and when you go to bed — at night think whom you did the good turn to. If you should ever find that you had forgotten to do it, you must do two good turns the next day in- stead. Remember that by your scout's oath you are on your honor to do it. A good turn need only be a very small one; if it Is only to put a cent into a poor box, or to help an old woman to cross the street, or to make room on a seat for some one, or to give water to a thirsty horse, or to remove a bit of banana skin off the pavement where it is likely to throw people down, it is a good turn. But one must he done every day, and it counts as a good turn only when yo^ do not accept any reward in return. ^ [Make each scout tie knot in his necktie to remind him to do a good turn next day.] Saving Life.^ You have all heard of the Victoria Cross - the dt rin^Xr'' T'" ^y ^"^'" ^^^'°"^*° soldiers whospecially disungmsh themselves m action under the fire of the eSy.^ M^h/i r ?k'' th^co^'Panion medal to it, and that is the Albert Medal for those who are not soldiers, and who distinguish them selv^ m saving hfe m peace time. And there is the StanW Medal for cmhan gallantry, and the Edward Medal for gallaX l^j.u^^' fu "^^^ ^ .°"'" ^*^°"^^ Gallantry medals. And 1 think the man who wins these medals, as he does in the sudden, appalling accidents which occur in big citi^, S and \e??nCrX-^t^ f^v. "rJ^^ ' ^^^° '^^- the Sel wJo he e^rfel^f ^A^""^ ^^^ ¥l*° ""^^^"^ ^ ^o^^^de amid all tiie excitement and glamour of the battle. won m'J^fc'?°''ft '^^'^^^ t^° r^""^ ^g°' °^" 0"e hundred have Jhe sTmt h^^-^^^«' ^d I hope that many more will do i6 The Canadian Boy Scout That is, you must heVep^rJ]Tu '1^^^^^^''^'^- do the moment an acddent Scu^ - and do Tt ^hr"" J^f '° It is not enough to read about k in a S^f and^Tth.^"'- know how to do it — hut vn.. ,,,.„,♦ ^ n ^ ""^^ "^^t you tise pretty often/the ac"tLKS tot do^^^^^^ '"^ P^^^' cover your mouth and nose S a wet ^t' 'kw^ ^°^ '° you to breathe in smoke holt^t handkerchief to enable make a roS for Scarn/from fi 1" ^ '^^' ^"^^ ^^rips and let air into^a^S^TweV W to'lS^ '5 °P"" ^ "^^^^^^^ '° person, how to coU?r «w. »nH -^""^ "^"^ ^'^ insensible people, and so on ' '' ^"^ '■"^^^ apparently drowned den'^ln y'^ur^rsi^^ ^Xen^ST ^^ T ^" ^^^ «nfi- body is in a S S fluster nntt'^^"' ^PP^"^ and every- qu/tly step oultd d'oTvfg^^ Tnr' "''' '^ '°' ^°" ^" ago^,TSl^^Smrdr:U'e^ ^S^^S"^^ ^ ^-^ - two whole lot of iW who w^e tnnT k!" '¥"°^ ^^'er b. fore a shout to her. TWi a d^^^L^t ^"«^'^"''5J ^o do anything but a real man amon jrthen^^^Tw^uK^^ ''^' '''''' A "^^^ tunity for a boy fcout, had tierbl^one Se' f^Jo ' ^P^^" fetch her out. As it was th^c^ ,.«, j . ^' ^^ ^o m and as many a J^^\^^Xttc!^.''S^'''^/f''- matam when he first tries sleepingoS tR.wI^'' '■""• sleep ..th your ™dows op.n.'suiTr an^^i^tf^,'"'^^" I In Course of Instruction 17 always sleep outside the house, summer and wimer Si^A ^Wch'lerkln'^™"^ '^^'^^ -^^ ^ ^y dreamtadt^amf , A short time spent at Swedish or ju-jitsu exercises everv mnm A good rub down daily with a wet roueh towpl *>„»„ ;f srt i^'p^r; '^ "'^' -^'^ -' -- 1^« -di -o'lr i„&X>Wu2'4?°ihe;i?r^^^^^^^^^^ so qiuckly ; they don't suck into their insides a iforts of microbes or seeds of disease that are in the air; and they don'trore a "V" K^^ fu' 'i'"''^^^^ away to an enemy. ^' Deep breatbng exercises are of great value for develooin^ } Tflu^"^/^'' P""^"g f^^^h air (oxygen) into the bD provT^ded that they are carried out in the^pen drand are^ot brealTu^t £l°r^"-'' ^ ^"^^' '''■ For^deep breathing ?he Hri'!i*'°^°i v'?°'' '^^"^ ^° ^^ q^te useless as a health-eivinjr h^s?s^ttis?ei^ ^"^'"^' "^ '- -s -7;^ Similarly a man who smokes much. The best war scouts Hnn'f Tm^haTvTnH "^'^"^ ^^^^ ^y-^S^^' it-rtim^^lTes' rS-j, • ^ ^""^ nervous; it spoils their noses for smelling (which IS of great importance at night), and the glow o? S pipe, or even the scent of tobacco carried on them a! nSht ^vZ ^Z^''VV:'''^^\'''''^^''- They are not such ffi S S smoke. No boy ever began smoking because he liked it but because he thought it made him look like a grown up man ' As a^m^ter of fact it generally makes him' irk Te^'Llish I8 The Canadian Boy Scout [Show on the map.] From the little island of Great Rrif o;« u fighting, at ^Z^'^f'ZXt"' tLV!'" r*. ^^ h"-! patriotism. "^^ "■" ». by their hearty Roman Empire did because it«^^; J. P'^"^^^' ^^ ^he great and cared only framSment? if"' ^f^^"^' '^^^^ ^"^ lazy, I am sure that if you Sys ^u kerr' "^ Tf'"" ^^°"t that, and your Empire hi vow evS «& M*^^ °^ ^^"^ ^^"ntry on all right. ^ ^^ "^'^^ ^-ery/Am^ e/^e both will gb coXti^lnl ^^.^.Te^^^^^^^^^^ t^-^ of your games and at candy SesSiereJ;^^^^^^^ ^°"'' ''""' ^"^ "^"^y ^n first how you can heo{ZT&V?''''I''"''f' ''"^ ^hink and when you have donelhTt vnn .^ -"^.^ ^"^ ^^^ Empire, down and Jnjoy you^Tin youro"w;^';a^^^^^^^^ '^"^^'if ^^^ see how a mere small bov can hJ^f ^' F^^'^^P^ yo" don't country or to the great Bridsh Fn,.- "'^^^her to your own scout and carrying out the scout IZ?'^' ^ k^ ^^ ^^"""^^^ a " Country firetf^S seconT" iTf/r'^ ^^ "^^ be of Sse. ably, if yo7ask you^elf trufv ' vou Sfi^!, your motto. Prob- got them just the other w^y afft ""^ ^°" ^'^^ ^* P^^^^^ nitTd^tair^'atlr P^HZ^' 7"^^"^ P"^ ^^-1^ be content, as the Romans were and ^ ^^^^^ T^"^" ^^^^'^ pay other people to pla^XTooLn l"?;^! Sf P'^ °«^ are, to The British Flag ,9 by doing so you will be fitting yourself to help your country Then you will have in you the true spirit of patriotism wS every Canadian boy ought to have if he is worth his saU. How to Fly the British Flag RIGHT WAY UP HOIST DPSIDE DOWN How not to Fly the British Flag The Scout, Id. weeUy, is the official paper for the boys. 20 The Canadian Boy Scout The Elsdon Murder ^ ^^ «^^ «>"^e marks agreed with those he had seen ?nl*\^ ^'^"^^^J the nail- the moor, and he naturally deduced frl^' ^^' °^ *^« '"an on might have something to Z S "he mTder ^^ '^' '^^ "^^° Chivalry. — The fart fi,.* •* , ^d been murdered m^ettto'J^^Mpless old woman who the murderer, whoever he mighf be '**""« *« »«^™" wTh^tZfSnH'^Srd''"™^ -S". >'*0"«h he »^;. ^d the man wJl fc*: IL^'i^S'r t^eJl! The Elsdon Murder zi Health and Strength -The man up on the moor had got n k'°T *t^ 'i^"\°^ ^^^ '""'^^^'■' "'^see" (except by this one small boy), that he thought himself s-fe, and never thought of the. boy bemg able to walk all the way to the scene of the nfurder .^■%£:^^^ ^,v^ • OBSERVING THE MURDEHER's BOOTS and then to come back, as he did, with the police. So he took no precautions. But the boy was a strong, healthy hill-boy, and did the journey rapidly and well, so that they found the man and captured him without diflSculty. The man was Willie Winter, a gypsy. He was tried, found guilty, and hanged at Newcastle. His tKHly was then brought and hung on a gibbet near the scene of the murder, as was the custom in those days, and the gibbet still stands to this day. Two of the gypsies who were his accomplices were caught with some of the stolen property, and were also executed at Newcastle. 22 I ! The Canadian Boy Scout a. having^aLd thcX'h ^^''flL"^^" ™ "'"• ™"'^ Saving Life. — Hnwm/or *u countrymen probably suS ^me of th^fr ?°"' '^ ^' ^.*^"°^- the world of such a dangerousiSal "" ~ ^^ "^^'"« cau^seTyo"; pe^sonaily^I^^eln^^^^^^^ l"'j.' ^'^^°"«^ '* you must not mind that it ^n"« *« ^elp ried out regardless oVC'mucKit costs vo^"'' t'^'^' ^^ '" give up your life." y°"' *^^*^" '^ you have to JuSo'„.lJ^^4X''^ii^;-ypa„o,theau.y„,ab„y He exercised: — Woodcraft. Observation, without being noticed. L'eauction. Chivalry. Sense of duty. Endurance. Kind-heartedness. acc'^Jd^wLd 7a'rs' Sfer^^ardTbia '^ ''' ^^^^^^^'^ ^' ^^ o- other boys in teacLg y^t^^^^^^^^ ^' f ^P'^Ple to you you should remember^Cr acts mavb^wLl,^!!!^^ 't'"" ^^y' you, and taken as an examnle t.S^ 5 T^?^^? ^^ °^^^^ after right way on aU occasSns ' ^"^ *° ''^ ^^^ ^uty the CAMP FIRE YARN. No. 3 BOY SCOUTS' ORGANIZATION co^s^rrS^^^^^^^^^^ should form a tind of existing organization surh t u^', ^ebnging to any Boys' or Church LadTfiSdrftS ''^^''' /°^**'^" ^^"bs. Telegraph Service. Cadet (^o^?' e'c°eT/' tfu' T''''?^'''' scoutmg in addition to th.,V ;?Ktl*':,.^'_^_' .^'^^^ '^^^ take to their other work or play. up Boy Scouts' Organization 23 The spare moments of Sunday can be made more interesting and instructive through the quiet study of plants and animals, that is, of God's work in nature, and the practice of kindliness and " good turns " (see page 239 re Sunday work). The following ranks only arc recognized : Commissioner, apjwinted by the governing Council as its representative and inspector in a country or province. District or Assistant Commissioner, smiilarly appointed to the charge of a district under a commissioner. Scoutmaster, selected by District Association to have charge of a troop. Assistant Scoutmaster. Instructor, for any specific subject. Chaplain is a minister of religion appointed to develop the religious training of a body of scouts. A Patrol Leader is a scout appointed by a scoutmaster or by vote of the patrol to command a patrol for one year. A patrol consists of si.\ or eight scouts. Any patrol leader who learns scouting from this book can train his boys to be scouts. A Corporal is a scout selected by the patrol leader to be his assistant, and to take command of the patrol when he himself is away. Silver Wolf, a Scout who has passed twenty-four tests for efficiency. King's Scout is one qualified by efficiency badges to help in defence of the country. All-Round Scout is one who has qualified in at least six eflficiency tests. A Scout, who must be between the ages of eleven and eighteen. A first-class scout is one who has passed cer- tain tests to show that he is able to scout. A Second-Class Scout is one who has passed certain easy tests in scouting. A Tenderfoot is a boy who has joined the boy scouts, but has not yet passed his tests for second-class scout. In special cases boys of ten years old may become tender- foots. THE scours PROMISE Before he becomes a scout a boy must take the scout's prom- ise thus: — *+ The Canadian Boy Scout " 0« «y A.>«^ I promise that I wiU do my best ;; I. To do my duty to God nd the Kin^ , 2. To help other people at aJl t^mes «* 3- To obey the scout law." (For scout law, see page so.) THE TESTS BOY SCOUTS. BADGE OUALIFICATIOHS betwin'JlTag^^ofe&and^^^^^^^^ '^" ^>' ^^°"t« '""^ be tests before making £^omt J^''^'' ^"^ P^ss the following Second-Class Scout _ d f i. . »«>ufs badge a tend"rf«,t „'°'^ "^""^ "™'^«' *« ««.«dS|°" "" ^■""P""" " Morse sign for every letter i„ the a .o™?fcKiScto5f ti" '"r^-«- "^-'-^ or, i, i„ out of four, obserJStr „^^S^„""''"'f "' T ^P -"»*>" remember sixteen out of twent"K ^^f''' "' """'^ Game, to after one minute's obswvaTS,'^ well-assorted small artide, pafstlti^fanVt^X^^^i: -"fs pace." (twenty tw^- m^^ch^:- «^-' ^ "°^ ^^^'^o-- ^uTn^Lre than wiL^r^kr„j-2'oLf r„ i"rSii'„ '.^r at<. Boy Scouts' Badge Qualifications 25 8. Have at least ten cents in a savings bank. 9. Know the sixteen principal (xiints of the compass. First-Class Scout. — Before being awarded a first-class badge a second-class scout must 1. Swim fifty yards. (N.B. — This may be omitted where the doctor certifies that bathing is dangerous to the boy's health, in which case he must pass the test for Stalker's badge.) 2. Have twenty-five cents at leasPin the sav- ings bank. 3. Send and receive a message either in semaphore or Morse, sixteen letters per minute. 4. Go on foot, or row a boat, alone or with another scout, to a point seven miles away and return again, or if conveyed by any vehicle (railways not allowed) or animal go a distance of fifteen miles and back. He must write a short report of the journey. It is preferable that he should take two days over the journey. 5. Describe the proper method of dealing with two of the following accidents (allotted by the examiners) : Fire, drowning, runaway carriage, sewer gas, ice breaking, electric shock. Band- age an injured patient, or revive apparently drowned person. (See Scout Charts 10 and 16.) 6. Cook satisfactorily two out of the following dishes, as may be directed: porridge, bacon, hunter's stew; or skin and cook a rabbit, or pluck and cook a bird. Also, make a " damper " of half a pound of flour, or a " twist " baked on a thick stick. 7. Read a map correctly, and draw an intelligent, rough, sketch map. Point out a compass direction without the help of a compass. 8. Use an axe for felling or trimming light timber, or nine-inch scaffolding pole, or, as alternative, produce an article of carpentry or joinery, or metal work, made by himself satisfactorily. 9. Judge distance, area, size, numbers, height, and weight within 25 per cent, error. 10. Bring a tenderfoot trained by himself in the points re- quired for a tenderfoot badge. (This may be postponed if recruits are not immediately desired, but must be carried out within three months of its being required or the badge given up.) 26 The Canadian Boy Scout He then receives a crown as badec to weir on the left arm above his scout's badge rd'-n rank above a first-class scout " All-round cords may be gained by any scout ba'dge^" '^"^ "^ ^^ ''''' '^^'^ for'pJdenc; the proficiency badges ^ ^ '^' ""'"^^•- °^ The " Honorary Silver Wolf " ic ™- movement. They See rank ..nT'^ ^'"^ '" '™^'" '" the assistant sco„tma^ster and should a^""" f' "'^''^n' '» ">= definite responsible shTre in Ihl r r "''^ f* '^^•« '"me They dressTspatroltdrirsres"""" "' "■' "°°P- This badge entitles the holder to the assistance of any scout at any time A «rnnV^ • OOAUPICATIOHS FOR PROP.CIETCY BADGES necl^saTtitrb^fo^fw^T^uSd'et^^^^ -' - '"e comonttee, and n,„st be^n thi 'Ir^ 't^'anT'srnd'ilS: 11 uc given Dy a Qualifications for Proficiency Badges 27 scouts. They are worn on the right sleeve, except the King's scout badges. Those badges marked with an asterisk must be passed for annually. * Ambulance Badge. — A scout must know: — The fireman's lift. How to drag an insensible man with ropes. How to improvise a stretcher. How to fling a life-line. The position of the main arteries. How to stop bleeding from vein, artery, internal or external. How to improvise splints and to diagnose and bind fractured limbs. The Schafer method of artificial respiration. How to deal with choking, burning, poison, grit in ♦'ye, sprains, and bruises, as the examiners may require. Generally the laws of health and sanitation as given in " The Canadian Boy Scout," including dangers of smoking, inconti- nence, want of ventilation, and lack of cleanliness. Airman. — A scout must have a knowledge of the theory of aeroplanes, ball-balloons and diri- gibles, and must have made a working model of an aeroplane or dirigible that will fly at least twenty- five yards. He must also have a knowledge of the engines used for aeroplanes and dirigibles. Bee-farmer. — A scout must have a practical knowledge of swarming, hiving, hives, and general apiculture, including a knowledge of the use of artificial combs, etc. Blacksmith. — A scout must be able to upset _ and weld a one-inch iron rod, make a horse- shoe, know how to tire a wheel, use a sledge- hammer and forge, shoe a horse correctly, and rough a sho^ horse. Bugler. — A scout must be able to sound properly on the bugle the Scout's Rally and the following army calls: Alarm, Charge, Or- derlies (ord. corpls.), Orders, Warning for Parade, Quarter Bugle, Fall in. Dismiss, Rations, ist and and Dinner calls (men's), Reveille, Last Post, Lights Out. 28 The Canadian Boy Scout Carpenter. — A scout must be able to shute and glue a 4 ft. straight joint, make a housing, set a chisel and plane iron, make a ? ft bv i ft ;\^ ' ^t ^y 6 ft. dovetailed lodced box, or a table or chair. ' r.«!??' T ^.5*^°"' """^^ ^^^^ the following qualifications- — Good handwntmg and hand printing. 4"aimcauons. — Ability to use typewriting machine. Ability to write a letter from memory on the sub- ject given verbally five minutes previously Knowledge of simple bookkeeping. Or AS Alternative to Typewriting : - -^=^ as ^Hum ^""^ ^'^^ ^'""'^^^ '' *"^"*y -o^ds a minutfe Cook. - A scout must U able to light a fire and make a cook- SLhL'^f • VT ^"'^' ""' '°Ss; cook the following dishes: Irish stew, vegetables, omelet, rice pud- ding, or any dishes which the examiner may con- sider equivalent; make tea, coflFee, or cocoa- mix ^^'tel,^,^''^ »?^d m, oven; or a "Zipe"" or twist (round stake) at a camp fire; (!arve people at table^'°^^^ ^' ^""^ ^'"^ P'^*^ ^"^ ^^« ^o"«^tly to bic?cKn*a7nH '"'T^ """'i ''S" ^ certificate that he owns a bicycle m good working order, which he is willing to use m the King's service if called upon at any ri^/hk ?'^ ?^ ^'".e^gency. He must be able to etc Ue7.;^f^''if''r^y ^"^ '^^ P""^tures, etc. He must be able to read a map. and reoeaf correctly a verbal message. On ceasfeg to own a ^ bicyde^he scout must be required to hind back his badge. Dairyman. — A scout must understand: — make butter and cheese, understand sterilization of milk, safe use of preservatives, care of dairy utensils and appliances. ^ of ?^StS' r^ilS?o""f ^""^ * ^•"^^'^"^S^ °f the method or rescue and resusatation of a person insensible from shock. Qualifications for Proficiency Badges 29 Be able to make a simple electro-magnet, element- ary knowledge of action of simple battery cells, and the working of electric bells and telephone. Understand and be able to remedy fused wire, and torepair broken electric connections. Engineer. — A scout must have a general idea of the working of motor-cars and steam locomotives, marine, internal combustion, and electric engines. He must also know the names of the principal parts and their functions; how to start, drive feed, stop, and lubricate any one of them chosen by himself. Farmer. — A scout must have a practical knowledge of ploughing, cultivating, drilling, hedging, and draining. He must also have a working knowledge of farm machinery, hay-mak- mg, reaping, leading, and stacking, and a gen- eral acquaintance with the routine seasonal work on a farm, including the care of cattle, horses, sheep, and pigs. Fireman. — A scout must know how to give the alarm to in- habitants, police, etc. How to enter burning buildings. How to prevent spread of fire. Use of hose, unrolling, joining up, hydrants, use of nozzle, etc. The use of escape, ladders, and shutes; impro- vising ropes, jumping-sheets, etc. The fireman's lift, how to drag patient, how to work m fumes, etc. The use of fire extinguishers. How to rescue animals. How to save property, climb, and pass buckets. " Scrum " to keep back crowd. ^ Farrier (for First Aid to Animals).— A scout must have a general knowledge of the anatomy of domestic and farm animals and be able to describe treat- ment and symptoms of the following: — Wounds, fractures, and sprains, exhaustion, choking, lameness. He must understand shoeing and shoes, and must be able to give a drench for colic. (Barton's smaU veterinary book recommended, prke 6d., from Headquarters.) "I- -1 30 The Canadian Boy Scout Gardener. - A scout must dig a piece of ground not less than 12 feet square. Know the names of a dozen plants pointed out in an ordinary garden. Understand what is meant by pruning, grafting and manunng. *' Plant and grow successfully six kinds of vege- tables or flovvers from seeds or cuttings. a srvthf. ,.n^« ^"^ '^"^ ""^^"^ ^ walking stick, or cut grass with a scytne under supervision. Handyman. — A scout must be able to paint a door or bath whitewash a ceiling, repair gas-fittings tap ' washers, sash lines, mndow and door fastenings replace gas mantles and electric-light bulbs, hang pictures and curtains, repair blinds, fix curtain and portiere rods, blind fixtures, lay carpets, mend clothmg and upholstery, do small furniture and China repairs, and sharpen knives. Horseman. — A scout must know how to ride at all paces, and ^ ^ to jump an ordinary fence on horseback. How to saddle and bridle a horse correctly. How to harness a horse correctly in single or double harness, and to drive. How to water and feed, and to what amount. How to groom his horse properly, ihe evil of bearing and hame reins and ill-fitting saddlery Ihe principal causes and remedies of lameness. Interpreter. — A scout must be able to carry on a simple conversation, write a simple letter on subject given by examiner, read and translate passage from a book or newspaper, in either Esperanto or any language that is not that of his own country. Leather Worker. — A scout must have a knowledge of tanning and curing, and either (a) Be able to sole and heel a pair of boots, sewn or nailed, and generally repair boots and shoes; or (b) Be able to dress a saddle, repair traces, stirrup leathers, etc., and know the various parts of harness. Qualifications for Proficiency Badges 31 * Marksman.— A scout must pass the following tests for miniature rifle shooting from any position: — N. R. A. Standard Target to be used. Twenty rounds to be fired at 15 or 25 yards. Highest possible, 100 points. A scout gaining 60 points or over to be classified as marksman. Scoring: Bull's-eyes, 5 points; Inner, 4 points; Magpie, 3 points; Outer, 2 points. Also: — Judge distance on xmknown ground: Five distances under 300 yards, five between 300 and 600 yards, with not more than an error of 25 per cent, on the average. ^' Master-at-arms. — A scout must attain pro- ficiency in two out of the following subjects: — Single-Stick, quarter-staff, fencing, boxing, ju- jitsu, and wrestling. Missioner. — The qualifications are: — A general elementary knowledge of sick- nursing; invalid cookery, sick-room attendance, bed-making, and ventilation. Ability to help aged and infirm. Musician. — A scout must be able to play a musical instrument correctly (other than triangle) and to read simple music. Or to play properly any kind of musical toy, such as a penny whistle, mouth-organ, etc., and sing a song. * Pathfinder.— It is necessary to know every lane, by-path, and short cut for a distance of at least two miles in every direction around the local scouts' head- quarters in the country, or for one mile if in a town, and to have a general knowledge of the district within a five-mile radius of his local headquarters, so as to be able to guide people at any time, by day or night. To know the general direction of the principal neighboring towns for a distance of twenty-five miles, and To be able to give strangers clear directions how to get to them. To know, in the country, in the two-mile radius, generally, how many haystacks, strawstacks, wagons, horses, cattle, sheep, and pigs there are on the different neighboring farms; or, in a town, to 32 The Canadian Boy Scout know in a half-mile radius what livery stabling, flour and feed stores, forage merchants, bakers, butchers there are. In town or country, to know where are the police stations, hospitals, doctors, telegraph, telephone offices, fire engines, hydrants, blacksmiths, and job-masters, or factories where over a dozen horses are kept. To know something of the history of the place, or of any old buildings, such as the church, or castle, etc. As much as possible of the above information is to be entered by the scout on a large scale map. Photographer. — A scout must have a knowl- edge of the theory and use of lenses, and the construction of cameras, action of developers. He must take, develop, and print twelve sepa- rate subjects, three interiors, three portraits, three landscapes, and three instantaneous " action " photos. Pioneer. — A scout must Have extra efficiency in pioneering in the following tests, or suitable equivalents: — Fell a nine-inch tree or scaffolding pole neatly and quickly. Tie eight kinds of knots quickly in the dark or blindfolded. Lash spars properly together for scaffolding. Build model bridge or derrick. Make a camp kitdien. Build a hut of one kind or another suitable for three occupants. Piper. — A scout must be able To play a march and a reel on the pipes. To dance the sword-dance, and must wear kilt and Highland dress. Plumber. — A scout must be able to make wiped and brazed joints, to cut and fix a window- pane, repair a burst pipe, mend a ball or faucet tap, and understand the ordinary hot and cold water system of a house. Qualifications for Proficiency Badges 33 Poultry Fanner. — A scout must have a good knowledge of incubators, foster-mothers, sanitary fowl-houses and coops and runs; also of rearing, feeding, killing, and dressing birds for market; also he must be able to pack birds and eggs for market. Printer. — A scout must know the names of different types and paper sizes. Be able to compose by hand or machine, understand the use of hand or (tower printing machines. He must also print a handbill set up by himself. Seaman. — A scout must be able to Tie eight knots rapidly in the dark or blindfolded. Splice ropes. Fling a rope coil. Row and punt a boat single-handed, and punt with pole, or scvdl it over the stem. Steer a boat rowed by others. • Bring the boat properly along- side and make it fast. Box the compass. Read a chart. State direction by the stars and sim. Swim fifty yards with trousers, socks, and shirt on. Climb a rope or pole of fifteen feet, or, as alternative, dance the hoinpipe correctly. Sew and dam a shirt and trousers. Understand the general working of steam and hydraulic winches, and have a knowledge of weather wisdom and knowl- edge of tides. Signaller. — A scout must pass tests in both sending and receiving in semaphore and Morse signalling by flag. Not fewer than twenty-four letters per minute. He must be able: to give and read signals by sound. To make correct smoke and flame signals with fires. To show the proper method of signalling with the staff (see page 87). 34 The Canadian Boy Scout Stalker. — A scout must take a series of twenty photographs of wild animals or birds from life, and develop and print them. Or alternatively — He must make a collection of sixty species of wild flowers, ferns, or grasses, dried and mounted in a book and correctly named. Or alternatively — He must make colored drawings of twemy flowers, ferns, or grasses, or twelve sketches from life of animals and birds. Original sketches, as well as the finished pictures, to be submitted. Or alternatively — He must be able to name sixty different kinds of animals, insects, reptiles, or birds in a museum or zoological garden, or from unnamed colored plates, and give particulars of the lives, habits, appearance, and markings of twenty of them. Star-Man. — A scout must have a general knowledge of the nature and movements of the stars. He must be able to point out and name six principal constellations. Find the north by means of other stars than the Pole Star in case of that star being obscured by clouds, etc., and tell the hour of the night by the stars or moon. He must have a general knowledge of the positions and move- ments of the earth, sun, and moon, and of tides, eclipses, meteors, comets, sun-spots, planets. Surveyor. — A scout must map correctly, from the country Itself, the main features of half a mile of road, with 440 yards each side, to a scale of two feet to the mile, and afterwards redraw same map from memory. Measure the heights of a tree, telegraph pole, and church steeple, describing method adopted. Measure width of a river, and distance apart of two objects a known distance away and un- approachable. Be able to measure a gradient. Understand what is meant by H.E., V.I., R.F. Contours, conventional signs of ordnance survey and scales. Medals Swimming and Life Saving. — A scout must be able to dive and swim fifty yards with clothes on (shirt, trousers, socks, as' minimum). Able to fling and use life-line or life-buoy. Able to demonstrate two ways of rescue of drowning person, and revival of apparently drowned. 35 MEDALS These are worn on the right breast and are awarded as follows: — Bronze Cross. Red Ribbon.— Highest pos- sible award for gallantry. It can be won only where the claimant has shown special heroism, or has faced extraordinary risks in saving life. ' saver Cross. Blue Ribbon. — For gallantry with considerable risk to himself. (Gilt) Medal of Merit. White lUbbon. — For a scout who do" . his duty exceptionally well though without grave risks to himself; or for twenty marks awarded by his scoutmaster for various specially good actions; or for specially good work on behalf of the Boy Scout movement. Full records of such deeds must be kept by the scoutmaster to accom- pany the claim. ScroU of Honor: Is awarded for similar cases not quite deserving the medal. These medals are only granted by the chief scout, or by the scout president in a Dominion or colony, on special recommen- dation from the local committee, who should send in a full ac- count of the case. All medals and badges are worn only as above when scouts are on duty or m camp. At other times they may be worn on the right breast of the waistcoat, underneath the jacket. A small arrow-head badge may be worn at all times in the button-hole. Scoutmasters may wear any badges for which they qualify. It should be noted that the rules given in this book are gener- ^1 I ill 36 The Canadian Boy Scout officers permit it uniform or badges unless their offi'cers'^^irlf el^^^^^^^^ --' --ts' uniform, the scout association^and if r ^„r conjunction with the local warrantf^r the boys to wear ?£'? TK^""! scoutmasters' medals, or badges Tmeritth' 5 ?"*' ^t^'S^' '^fe-saving other scoutmastS, orToy'sc^uTs ""' ''"' '^' ^'"^ ^^^ '' Distinction for Boy Scorrr*! a u . 1 ao?lSi^r,«ll^-^-"i. ""o •- passed in'l&Ung youmjB« Ola>uctiAva/ 3 7^ w Jnularly, these signs may be shewn after his name in official HOW TO WEAR YOUR BADGES Prize medals are never worn by scouts. Decorations 37 BADGES OF RANK, ETC. A Corporal. — Wears a single white bar or chevron above elbow on left arm. A Patrol Leader. — Wears a white metal fleur-de-lis and scroll with motto (like a First-class Badge) in front of hat, and white metal button-hole badge. Assistant Scoutmaster. — Wears special hat badge on the side of hat, with red plume and miniature white metal fleur-de-lis button-hole badge or tie-pin, with scarlet shoulder-knot. Scoutmaster. — Wears special hat badge on side of hat, with green plume and miniature bronze button-hole, or tie-pin fleur- de-lis, with shoulder-knot. Commissioner. — Wears hat badge, with purple plume. Green enamel and gold miniature button-hole tie-pin badge, with " C " superposed. Headquarters Staff. — Have green enamel and gold circular badge worded " Boy Scouts' Headquarters Staff " round rim, usual rank badges, and red, white, and blue shoulder-knots when in uniform. DECORATIONS AUTHORIZED BT THE COUNCIL TO BE WORN ON SCOUT UNIFORM 1. All King's Medals, War Medals, and decorations. 2. The Scout Badges, Cords, and Medals. 3. St. John's or St. Andrew's Ambulance Badges. 4. Royal Hmnane Society's Medals. REGULATIONS AS TO UNIFORMS SCOUT UNIFORM Hat. — Khaki color, flat brim, strap round crown, and chin- strap. Neckerchief. — Of the color of the troop. The neckerchief is worn loosely knotted at the throat and also at the ends till the day's good turn is done. Shirt. — Blue, khaki, green, or gray, two patch pockets (buttoned), shoulder-straps, or a jersey or sweater of the same color, if preferred. I i 38 The Canadian Boy Scout Shorts. — Blue or khaki. sign of belt is obSinlti; a'teldqualt" "^^' ^^"^ ^- gr'^glS^-frtab?!^^^^^ tops optional, are worn turned down below "he W ^^ ^^°^'^"«^ Shoes or boots. - Brown or black. Staff. - Marked in feet and inches. Haversacks. - Worn as a knapsack. by'Xt^'S'' ~ '" ^^^'^^' ^^^- - f- patrols to be worn WhisUe and knife. - On lanyards. SXXiiie'^^rS^fad'^^^^^ at headquarters, to be carted in haveS a «. .."""T l*?'^'^- ^^ extras flannel or wool as m^S'.c ''•u'f * ' "^'"^"^ should be of should be avSdasT5oinT.w'KT°'^ '''''' '^' ^^n is hkely to give a £ ' ^^"^'^ '^^ perspiration, and SCOUTMASTER'S UmPORM foms^SoSSTefmSvl'; "'' '?i^"? ^° ^^^r military uni- or drilling boy'^tut'^ S^i^I?,^;^^^^^^^^ may be worn on scout unifom. ^^' ^^ '^^'^ "^bons TOIPORM FOR CAMP. GAMES. ETC. leff SdeT" ^'"' ^"™"^^ ^^^^^)' ^th the appropriate badge on coloiJJnTckS^'b^tr^ 'T ^H^^-^ ^^^' - the may be worn over the sh£. ^'^^^' ^ "^^^^ «^«ater Shoulder-knot. - White on left shoulder. Belts, Shorts, Stockings, and Shoes. -As for scouts. Uniforms UmPORM FOR DRILLS AND PARADES 39 Scout hat shirt (with collar and green tie), belt, as above s'S';^£X''r,;dT„'';S: "•""'-■ "' ""'^- «"''-. »»'"■«- ^.^. M^iT^,^ '^°"'' preferably khaki color or gray or brown of pl^e ^^""""^ ""'"'^"^ '"^^ '^"^ equipments are out ASSISTAWT SCOUTMASTERS .K^^ti,"'"!'"'"?! ^^^""^"^ }^ ^^^ ^'"^ as scoutmasters', except white metS° " ^^'^^^' ^^^ button-hole badge is COMMISSIONER'S UNIFORM (// desired) sid?**' ~ ^^ ^^^ scoutmasters. Badge with purple plume at Tie. — Green necktie (scouts' color). Coat. — Norfolk jacket pattern. Color — khaki. Roll collar. Leather buttons. «JnV?' '' worn open at the neck, with the commissioner's small badge on the left top button-hole. Belt. — Official pattern as for scoutmasters. Breeches. — Bedford cord or to match the coat. Gaiters, Boots, and Gloves of brown leather. Overcoat. — Like Burberry's " Slip on," or khaki cape. Hats, Belts, and Badges of the same quality as scoutmasters' may be obtamed from headquarters. In place of above, a plain Norfolk suit (gray, brown or khaW) with stockings, gaiters, or puttees, may be worn, with scout hat,^appropnate badges, green tie, red, white, and blue shoulder- IWVESTITURE OF SCOUTS Ceremonial for a tenderfoot to be invested as a scout Ihe troop is formed in a horseshoe formation, with scout- master and assistant scoutmaster in the gap. f H i:, 40 The Canadian Boy Scout drS^roppi'^torscttSr'"^? '''"^'^ ^^' -^^^ the holds the staff and Lt of T /' ^ r*" ^^'^^""^ scoutmaster come fomard by tLtoutmSLr thf "^Z- . J^'^f" "^^""^ ^o tenderfoot to the centre rt!.' f ^^'°' '*^^*^^^ ^^^ngs the you know whafjour honor^^?'"""''"^*^^ ^^^" -"^^ '' Do The tenderfoot reolies- " V«. t» trusted to b. .n..hf„fS h<,„«T." '(orSV.^Ihi.T .1 Scoutmaster: •■ Can I tru,, you, on youTw, '^'"•^ II To be loyal to God and the King? To do good turns to other people? 3. lo keep the scout law? " t4"SrheXT!l'" "^ '^' -""•■ ^ » do «.e whole ' I promise, on my honor, ' ;; I. To be loyal to God and the King. "3 ?o We tKr '^"^ ^° ^^'^^ P-P'- promS"1?oTareLwoneJ??r" ^T ^--' ^o keep this The assistant rcouLite/ the?''^ brotherhood of scSuts." him his staff. '''^"^"'^ter then puts on his hat and gives The scoutmaster shakes hands with him SSpTrt^,>t'"-<'-"-i.e troop. _^ TV, scoutmaster gives the word: "To you, patrol, quick ie^r aSt'SSr *' - -« and his patrol rig^C'SLJtvK* hfas^M"''' ^l"" "-"■"to'' »« thumb resting ot tKLu ,i,M:,f,''°?'''"' P»'"> *» = other thre^ HriTlu'e' •"'"'' ■' ™'«' *"""'- "§> it is called "The When raised to the forehead it is the " Full Salute." Scout's Salute and Secret Sign 41 SCOUT'S SALUTB AHD SSCRBT 8I01I The three fingers held up (like the three points of the scout's badge) remind him of his three promises in the scout's promise. 1. Honor God and the King. 2. Help others. 3. Obey the scout law. When a scout meets another for the first time m the day, whether he is a comrade or a stranger he salutes with the secret sign in the half salute! He always salutes an officer — that is, a patrol leader, or a scoutmaster, or any commissioned Officer of His Majesty's forces, army and navy — with the full Also the hoisting of the Union Jack, the colors of a reciment the playing of " God Save the King," and any funeml. ' A scout who h^ the " Silver Wolf " honor is entitled to make the sign with the first finger and thumb opened out, the remain- ing fingers clenched, thumb upwards. This is a sign with the Indians of America. A man told me the other day that " he was an Englishman, and just as good as anybody else, and he was blowed if ever he would raise a finger to salute his so-called ' betters '; he wasn't going to be a slave and kow-tow to them, not he ! " and so on. iftat IS a churlish spirit, which is very common among boys who have not been brought up as scouts. I didn't argue with him, but I might have told him that he naa got hold of the wrong idea about saluting. A salute is merely a sign between men of standing. It is a privilege to be able to salute any one. In the old days the freemen of England all were allowed to carry weapons, and when they met each other each would hold up his right hand to show that he had no weapon in it, and that they met as fnends. So, also, when an armed man met a defence- less person or a lady. Slaves or serfs were not allowed to carry weapons, and so had to slmk past the freemen without making any sign Nowadays people do not carry weapons; but those who would have been entitled to do so, such as knights, esquires, and men- at-arms, that is, those living on their own property or earning their own hving, still go through the form of saluting each 42 The Canadian Boy Scout other by holding „p their hand to their cap, or even taking ^SS-^3o:sr^^f„-<£rK-^>; anJmS'„"'4irtolL*S''t\' ^"^ "V"' "«"-' »« <" - "oy scout, and help him in any way you can ^"" ^ " '^'^'^^'- SCOUTS' WAR SOWGS I. The Scouts' Chorus. ' To be shouted on the march r,^ »„ i -eting,etc. mS iStu^ e'acUyr JS" '^ ^^""' Leader: Een gonyftma - gonydma. Chorus: Invooboo. ^ Yah bd ! Yah b6 1 Invooboo. The meaning is — Leader: " He is a Hon ! " '""""^ "Xu^V^ •-"""- '^'^ -'- Hippo. Solo {Leader). Chokus. £en ^^^i gon-ySm- a Gon-yim -a; In voo-bool ^^^^ Ya-Boh! Ya-Bohl In - voo - ^.' Scouts' War Songs 43 2. The Scouts' Rally. To be shouted as a salute, or in a game, or at any time. Leader: Be prepared ! Chorus: Zing-a-Zing ! Bom ! Bom ! (Stamp or bang something at the " Bom ! Bom ! ") Chorus. Solo {Leader). ^IpPP^^i Be 3. TAg Scours' Call. pre - pared. Zing - a - z;ng ! Bom ! Bom ! For scoutmaster to call together his troop by bugle; or for scout to whistle to attract attention of another scout. HOTE TO IirSTRUCTORS Although the war dance and songs may seem at first sight to be gtbberish- especially to those who have never had much to do With boys -yet there is a certain value underlying them as a corrective of self -consciousness. If you wa.nt, for instance, to get discipline among your boys tt means their constanUy botUing up some energy thai requires an occasional vent or safety-valve. A war dance supplies such vent, but still tn a certain disciplined way. Also it forms an attraction to wilder spirits who would never jotn a band of quieter boys. Mr. TonUin "the hooligan tamer," catches and gets his boys in Hand entirely by the force of energetic singing and action in chorus. Most schools and coUeges have their " Ra-ra-ra " choruses, of which Ztng-a-zmg: bom, bom " is a type. The war dance or any kind of dance is of great value in giving the boys exercise in a confined space, and also in developing their actwtty and command of their feet, and m getting rid of awkward self -consciousness. 44 The Canadian Boy Scout Pfttrol Signs 33rd London Troop may have five oatroliwiirh . • "^ "^E^olves, U,e R^vensf the cK,'Se l^ Z 'S^""' tive numbera aftSS %^.,V^^ ">' scouts have the consecu- raj. Nos. 3 ^X.^J:^:ts^'^^:^^^^ games^^'' «J»o"ider-knot is worn by officers and umpires at oaSol anS ''^ t' P^''°^ ^ '° ^ ^t»'« to make the call of his patrol-ammal - thus every scout in the " Ravens " m\^t be PATROt LEADER'S FLAG OF "THE WOLVES PATROL." 20TH TORONTO TROOP. read he also draws the head of the patrol animal T»,.,c /?k wants to show that a certain roadttd noT^e fltnJ t draws the sign across it, " Not to be follow^ "and ^^X head of bs patrol animal to show which patr?i' discovefe^'ti^: Signs and Calls 45 the road was no good and his own number to the left of the head to show which scout discovered it, thus- — -^C^ Each patrol leader has a small white ,>^ flag on his cloth stitched on to it on both sides. Thus the " wX^ " S the 20th Toronto Troop would have the flag shown Zve pa^ol^o^luX^erbll^l'g^'' *" ^''^ '° '"" "^^^'^^ '^ ^^^ [Practise with chalk on floors or walls, or with a stick on sand or mud.] sideTth^ToaS! ^* ^"""^ °' ^'^' **'•' ''°^ '° ^''^ right-hand (D Road to be followed. Letter hidden three paces from here in the direction of the arrow. This path not to bt followed. " I have gone home." ^^M (Signed) Patrol Leader of the Ravens, Fifteenth '*^ London Troop. h.t'i?^^'*?''^''^ "^^ ^. "^fP °^ ^^ ^""d them or stones should £e hand" "" "^ "** ^' ^^^ "^ ^ ^^'^ ^^ [Practise this.] I II 46 The Canadian Boy Scout ''ndian Signs and Blazes ^r^^^nV'^c^^olT^ttTcfl \^"ir. ^''rP-" Seton and New York. " '^ *^^"^''- Dou»>Ieday, Page & Company, IlfDiAir SIGNS AlfD BLAZES Shaking a blanket, I want to talk to you Sn H "P ^ t'-e^-branch, I want to make peace. 2n d nS t """fP^u"' .'"'^"^ ^^^' I ^"^ '•eady to fight somet "g" ' ^'^ '°"^°"'^"y' -^^ h-ds o'n it. fhave found This is good water. Good water not far in this direction. ^7 A long war to good water, go in direction of Ay Peace. /\\ War or trouble about. arrow. © We camped here because one of us was sick. Road to be followed. '' of'Yhe'a;!-™.!''''' '^"" '™"' ""' '» "-« "i'^fo" This path not to be followed. " I have gone home." Indian Signs 47 .>&rtfi^. Sigjexj in Stont3 _-n.tot.tl.tH.tt WtofkM^fct WteifctUft i-pIZ^ASri^ I Si$n^ in Twigs ntol/thcltot Tumi«H..ltefct TUmte^tUrt fcJSI^ nwt»tl.clV4ii ThmtettoHtyto T«mtoti»«Lrft g^*^^^^ i^i^nuf in Blajej Hill TKix..tK;t,..i iJggt^ ^Jf^.^ .,,'^f!^, ,^^ Code fof liVixoke iflgntilj' ypUHm Umlwt.Hj;! G«^'i,^- few Mco—toCbiMicii ^ome Jpectal Bl^e, ,«ed I, Hunters ,^S»v^s lAIAIIl "wJ-" *i3;'* *fe!i" <«:•» *-" ^''SS «** uft «^ i3t J I m 48 The Canadian Boy Scout MONGOCSE Sfutak — "Cheep" Cry Brown and Orange — ' HAWK WOLF PEEWIT '^"*«« *^»« Yellow and Blace Green and White ^ 11^ >^ HOUND Bark — " Bawow-wow " Orange tAT Cry — "Meeaow" Gray and Brown JACKAL £««f««rCry— "Wah- wah-wah-wah-wah " Gray and Black '% ^ RAVEN Cfy — "Kar-kar Black BUFFALO Ltmint — (same as Bull) " Um-maouw" Red and White PEACOCK Co- — "Bee-oik" Green and Blce BULL Lowint—" Um-maottw ' Red SEAL Catf— "Hatk" Red and Black OWL WUstk—" Koot-koot-koot " BLim »J"91* „ ^ LTON KANGAROO HORSE ^^Ti^^T^ Co^" Whiw^-"a^.^^'' Signs and Calls of Diflferent Patroh 49 > .^'^ ®^AR STAG stork: «ir«— na-na- Cnmf — " Boorrr" «»» — " r.»_» STORK • ^ Q Cry — "Korrr'' AND Black Bw/« and Writb ^ ^ "H PANTHER Tonint in suU of moiak— "Keeook" Ykuow CURLEW WkhlU—"C\aity" Green HYENA Poowah-oowah-wab " Yeuow and Warn RAM Btodi— "Ba-a-«" BlOWN WOOD PIGEON EAGLE ^"bH;!' B«k-hoopoo " Very Shritt WhistU-" Kreeee* B,n-.»„r...„ G.EEN and BLACiT^ Bl(7e and Gray HIPPO. ffwf— "BmiMssh" Pane AND Black Cn^ if^ RATTLESNAKE Rattle a pebble in a imall potted meat tin Pink and Wbitx WILD BOAR Cr«MK— "Broof-biDof" Gray and Pqik BOBRA CUCKOO OTTER BEAVER O^K-A^TSL ^--G^--" -fio^H^-^S^' SUpnua^Cppl, Blui AMD Yellow I I so The Canadian Boy Scout CAMP FIRE YARN. No. 4 Scout Law \J^udl S*;rj^^7«!'J»^«"n?^tten laws which bind them ^ Tk^ ^ ^^''^ ^ '^^ P"»t«l •" t)lack and white Ttey come down to us from old times. The Japanese have their Bushido. or laws of th^ rAA c-~ Miaoxe AgM The Indians m America have their laws of so It IS as weU that you should know all about them ' The scouts' motto is:— » Be Prepared, ;^^t5yTd^;^^S^'°^^^^^^-^^-«»---in«»« ««S5tly,Wn SustS'on S 2^^?* K^ **** ^J ^* "*y ^= directed to hand over his scout badge, and never to wear it again. He may X b^ "t, even though a stranger to him, he must speak to him, and help hii in any X that he can, either to carry out the duty he is then dob^ or by giving him food, or, as far as possible, anytWngffi t ^rer' Twf^ '°°^ **°T "P^'^ "^^'^^^ ^^^^^ he U £2 'a "^^^ '^ P^' ^''^ ^^"^ts another because he scout should earn for himself ^ ;. A Scout IS Courteous: That is, he U poUte to all - but Sf ^ -^ r'"^'^ *"^ ^*^»^^«'^' and old ^ple S5 nvahds, cripples, etc. And he must not take ^ rewwd for being helpful or courteous. ^ ■ ,r?^'' '^ "" ^'^i^N'' TO Animals. He should save them fnii^'l^ possible from pain, and should not kill aS ammal unnecessarily, for it is one of God's creatures Kilhng an ammal for food is allowable. ■ sfS^tm.?t!f' •pK'^f ' ~ ?^ ^' P*^^'*'^' P^t^ol leader, or scoutmaster without question. Even if he gets an order he does not like he must do as soldiers and sailors do, he must carry it out all the^r^ ^m^J ? .**' '^^^' ^^^ ^^''' ^^ done it he c^' ^.ffk J^'® ^"y '■®^^'" *8a»^t it; but he must carry out the order at once. That is discipline. ^^ 52 The Canadian Boy Scout *' ^W^r^^'^'f^ AND WmsTLKs Under all circumstances. When he gets an order he should obey it cheerily and readily, not m a slow, hang-dog sort of way Scouts never grouse at hardships, nor whine at each other nor swear when put out. ' When you just miss a train, or some one treads on your ifrnrn '"''" " "^i ^^''^ ^ ^'^^^ °"«*»* '« ^ave such tlUngs ^^Zf ~ °' """^ u ""^y annoying circumstances, you should force yourself to smile at once, and then whiS first appeared m pnnt a great many scouts, old and young, . have written to me saying how useful it has been to them ) A scout goes about with a smile on and whistling, it 2^Z T r'l ''''**" other people, especially in time of danger, for he keeps it up then all the same. Ihe punishment for swearing or using bad language is 9. A Scout IS Thrifty, that is, he saves every cent he can and puts It into the bank, so that he may^ve mone^to keep himself when out of work, and thuk not make Wm° self a burden to others; or that he may have money To give away to others when they need it. ^ SCOUT GAMES Scout Meets Scout IN TOWN OR COUNTRY Single scouts, or complete patrols or pairs of scouts, to he atr ^Sll^^V' '''?.™*^ ^P^"^' ^"^ "'^^^^o work towards each other, either alongside a road, or by giving each side a landmark £h7n°H th°' Z^ ^ * ''^P '^'" ^' •''g ''^' ^Wch is dSSh^ Sl-fi^Li PtuP^^'"' "^^""^ fi"^' ^^ the other wins. This is uS^frf t J^ '^' P"!'"' ^'i^'' 'l^'^"^ ^P ^^ patrol flag for the umpire to see, and sounding his whistle. A patrol need not keep together, but that patrol wins which firsf hKu?1^flag' by signal, voice, or message. t«»ucra Scouts may employ any ruse they like, such as climbing into Kim's Game 53 trees, hiding in carts, etc., but they must not dress up in disguise unless specially permitted. This game may also be practised at night. Despatch Runnen A scout is sent out to take note of some well-known spot, say, the post-office in a neighboring town or district. He will there get the note stamped with the postmark of the office and return. The rest of the scouts are posted by their leader to prevent him getting there by watching all the roads and likely paths by which he can come, but none may be nearer to the post-office than two hundred yards. The despatch runner is allowed to use any dis- guise and any method of travelling that he can hit upon. In the country the game may similarly be played, the scout being directed to go to a certain house or other specified spot. Kim's Game Place about twenty or thirty small articles on a tray, or on the table or floor, such as two or three different kinds of buttons, pencils, corks, rags, nuts, stones, knives, string, photographs — anything you can find — and cover them over with a cloth cr coat. Make a list of these, and make a column opposite the list for each boy's replies. Like this: List Walnut . BiiUon . Black buUon Red rag . , Yellow rag Black rag Knife Red pencil Black Pencil Cork . . String knot , Plain string Blue bead . Jones Broum Smith Atkins Green Long 54 The Canadian Boy Scout Then uncover the articles for one minute by your watch nr i^iz'ZL'^'''' '^"^'^ ^' "'^'^ marjhr-ij^s^v:; thll!^^\^/t separately aud let him whisper to you each of The boy who remembers the greatest number wins the game. Morgan's Game (Played by the 2vX Dublin Co. Boys' Brigade.) Sroute are ordered to rui to a certain hoarding where an n pire ,s already posted to Ume them. They aJe Tach Xi^d to look at this for one minute, and then to^ruTb^k to hS^ ?„/S^'S *"'* '^V '^' »°^^^*'°^ ^' that was r Oie hoSd ing m the way of advertisements. Debate*, Trials, Etc. k A*°?^u***'°** '°'' * winter's evening in the clubroom is tn hold a debate on any subject of topical interwt. the iwSuct^ acung as chairman. He will see f l5at there is a sp^iS on one side prepared beforehand to introduce and suprSTt oie viV^ ofthe subject and that there is another spikTpreMred to e^mound another view. After hearing them\he will S^on th^ heZ^Tl±'r' '°. '^^^ ^u^' ^^ Sd?n"the"en5 ne takes the votes for and against the motion. - I ♦S? ^P .'^'" ^ ""^^y *hy of speaking unless the subiect movmg amendments, obeying chairman's ruling, wZr *^?d: ing votes of thanks In chair, etc ™ang, accora- ^jb^lace of a debate a mock trial may be of interest as a t^^^T^^fli^ "" '^ ■"""'" «'«» » P^ " --W.t Scout*8 War Dance 55 If Prisoner . . WUliam Winter. Witnew . . Boy, Robert Hindmarsh. . . Police Constable. . . Villager. . . Old woman (friend of the murdered womai. j. Counsel for pnsoner. M M prosecution. Foreman and jury (if there are enough scouts). Follow, as nearly as possible, the procedure of a covn oi aw Let each make up his own evidence, speeches, or cros' xamir i tion accordmg to his own notions and imagination, th. cnlch i- n. n«»™ "P ri*"! *i"" ?' ^* ^^°^' ^"^ »n greater JeVul Do not necessarily find the pnsoner guilty unless the prosecutior prove their case to the jury. In your summing up bring out the fact of the boy (Hindmarsh) having earned out each part of the duty of a scout, in order to bnng home its lesson to the boys. Unprepared Plays Give the plot of a short, simple play, and assign to each player A^ L^ ^ outhne of what he has to do and say And then let them act it, making up the required conversaUon as they go along. This develops the power of imagination and expression on points kept in the mmd, and is a valuable means of education. It IS well before starting to act a play in this way to be a littie less ambitious, and to make two or three players merely carry out a conversation on a given topic leading up to a given point, using their own words and imagination in doing so. Scouts' War Dance Scouts form up in one line with leader in front, each holding his staff m the nght hand, and his left on the next man's shoulder Leader sinp the Eengonyama song. Scouts sing chorus, and advance to their front a few steps at a time, stamping in unison on the long notes. At the second time of singing they step backwards. At the third, they tuni to the left, still holding each other's shoulders, and n-^ve round m a large circle, repeating the chonis until they have completed the drcle. 56 The Canadian Boy Scout III They then form into a wide drcle onest4sfom;;iand caJ^^ou?f^^^^ '^' """'"^ «' ''^'^^ he tracked and fouX ^dth^P of k- ' '**"*'^' representing how the whole %htTn5umT?how unnf rr^- He goes through «:outs, meantimrsS Sg tl^l^^^^^ '^' dancing on their own^o.,n?^<: Eengonyama chorus and the leader sUrts thT?' Be Prloar^H ^k ^ ^' ^^'^^ '^' ^Rht, thr. ti^es in hon^r oft,l'!^i,f^^jJ^^^^y ^^^^ stalked aTd Sed a ^fd Safo "mi.iVT^ '^^ ^°^ ^ up and stalking the Jmal ^e iouXrrn "^^ '^^ ."^P'«« chorus very softlv ^atu f . *^'^°"<^'* ^nd s ng their beast, the^sSn^usTv SD^^^^^ "^''i"? *^^ '^^^^ ^^h the choru^ loudly Mi^^hi^.,^?^ "Pu*""* ^^»« and shout the gives the 'Te Pr^ar^*"" c^,??: i\^^'' *?« leader agaL three times, the Sts ban^Tfu "• ^l «*'"°'"' ^^'^^^ '« repeated same dme as thefs^tL';?^^^?^ ^ ^^^ «™und at the thi'L^o^S^dml'^^ ^''^' "P^^^-' " «- •' »-m 1 " is repeated Eengonyama chorus, or, fu Kt d^re?7' °^' '^«^"« '^« break up after the final " Bom ' U>mT'^ '"°^' *^*y' ^^^^^ not'5:o^S^rrm:S"/llJ:f 4^^^ ^ ^ ^^'^ way, and K>R wnriBR nr thb codiit«t Arctic Expedition of ^e' nC;tTotult (^ fottsl/^H"^' ^7^' '^ two train them to the work .Two ^^i 1?"^ ^^* them, and can remainder with the sleigk follow Indfnf^lf "^* f "^ *^^^^' the spoor, and by such si|^ a^ th^' C J"« the way by means of the snow. AU other draSs s^„^ i„*?h"/ ^°"ts may draw in the noted, and their meSnf rSd ?T^e «W ^k"* *? ^ *«"^««1' cooki;ig.pot3, etc. ^ ^® ^^'K** ^"'^ rations and made with bn^hwooj^rnd co^^^"^^! -^^ cSbe For Winter in the Country 57 Snow Fort The snow fort may be built by one patrol according to their own ideas of fortification, with loop-holes, etc., for looUne out. When finished it wUl be attacked by hostile patrols, using snow- baUs as ammuniUon. Every scout struck by a snowball is counted dead. The attackers should, as a rule, number at least twice the strength of the defenders. Siberian Man Hunt One scout as fugitive runs away across the snow in any direc- tion he may please, untU he finds a good hiding-place, and there conceals himself. The remainder, after giving him twenty minutes sUrt or more, proceed to foUow him by his tracks. As thev approach his hiding-place, he shoots at them with snow- balls, and every one that is struck must faU out dead The fugitive must be struck three times before he is counted dead. In Towu Scouts can be very useful in snowy weather by working as a patrol under their leader in clearing away the snow from pave- ments, houses, etc. This they may either do as a " good turn " or accept money to be devoted to their funds. ' CHAJPTER n CAMPAMNINO CAMP FIRE YARN. No. 5 un nr rax om °° d'»J''''lr^?''"'"'"''-B»" Cruising -WoitherWk. month; so that^? twf t?mfh! i? ^' f T^^^ ^«» about a covering for himself- ^rf hrto! T ^ ^^ ?« an«nal into a roots, hlme8,3eavrLli?fo?f^'' ''^' ^^ °^ ^d is no able to do th^ thtnafS?i°' ^"T* *" ^«8«tables. If he is able to find Ws way back ^i^'lSfP'"? *"'"'*" *"^«' a"^ white Daint hJwnrn V.*? i° u ^"a«®' ^« ^«t""»« when the ings bri2l Wen'ranf reTata^id^^f^ ^' «^^^ "j«^- soldier of the tribe ^nr/hf k 'u >s allowed to become a after himself ' ^** ^^ ^ '^'''^ ^^ ^<^ » able to look And in South America the boys of the Yaghan tribe - down Life in the Open rg in the cold, rainy regions of Patagonia— wear no clothes and before they are allowed to consiS themselves nen they Ce It is a cruel test but it shows that these savages understand how necessary it is that boys should be trained to mS^ ^n oS'v^o:"'o':.1t'' '"f' "'°.'^^« poor-spiriSi'^aTtJ^ T can oiuy looi^ on at men s work. The ande.it British boys used to have the same kinW of Sn;^n^""\'l'^ """ *"""«' 'o •>« conSSeS^m™? and m that want as far as possible. If every boy worlts hard M paS! '^d^Vfiij^^er he";;Li^sL^^-''.^.rh''e' ^, v^?i*o? ? *" ?^f Canadian scout and trapper, now over eighty years of age, still hvmg, and, what is morefst 11 working at 1^ Sk' W"«- «^,"*'"^ ^ Bill Hamilton In !^ which he lately wrote, called " My Sixty Years in the Plah^" rLfr*^ '^'^ dangers of that adventurous line of life The "xi tenTri^l"' '^^« '"^".'^^ '^"^^ «f the Indians he H J^P? I ^1 "I' "^^^ '° experience a death not at all to ?!jT^:u \ ^T ^'* "^ '""^^"^ beside other cruelties orac- ^by the Indians. I have often been asked Thy 1.e ex pwed ourselves to such danger. My answer C ^wayTb^n that there is a charm in the open-air life of a scout froTwS one cannot free himself after Ee has once comrjider^TSSl Give me the man who has been raised among the grwt tWnK nature; he cultivates truth, independence, ^d «£^iancrhe Sssr^;;;!;^'' '^ ^ '^^ ^° ""^ ^"-^' -^ ^^^^ I can fuUv endorse what this old scout has said and what i« ML^^ uS Empire-from what we should call a rude and SS?J1 "* r**"* ^"^ "°^' 8«n««>"« and chivalrous of thor race, especially towards women and weaker folk TTiev be^me «' genUe men " by their contact with naTur. "^ Mr. Roosevelt, the ex-President of the United States of America, also is one who believes in outdoor hfe mln rt turning from his hunting trip in East Af ricThe iSpecVS ^^^ 6o The Canadian Boy Scout tetS! - ^"'°"' "^^ *^^^ ^^' ^'niration for them. are occ^ionalir&S^ I L5^ V^'''^ ^''V^'^^ P^^ in them wrought seSumerwhich i^Ai '^'"P^t'^y ^th the over- Ufe's contest W^^^^ P™^« /he better in work harH r,,* v" J" ." P'*y' P'^X hard; and when you work fa the country .Ey"*r^'^''.r .^ .^^fe ILwt" ^"'' utterly stupid when living on the veldt ?hMiS.vH,H.t' *" selves fair^well if tht?1iS t ™ t°y '? '"^?^ '»■• ">«"- e^d^^The^Sf'^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Engt;r^,3.>'kn1^^^^^^ ^^r^ --^^ «ke looking after themselves om on tSevddt oHnThet^'T^'" and the consequence is that when th?v ^o7n . b^'^J^'*^o« had ; y scouts eoine about either as patrols on an exploring exoe. 'ion nr ,fT • r. ,lin°" V "^'"^^^ ^'"^ ^"^h ^ tramp shouKver^fm,S' wav bv it i ?»?" "^"^Jr '^H^ '"^P "^'^ y°". and find your n^LJu' J^' ^ possible, without having to ^k the wav of furn wht^- ^°" ''°"'^.' °^ "°""*' ha^« to do y^ur daily %<3 sZw do .ZlTP^''r'/P^^"^^ ^^^"' but l4ides tS.^^ he i^ of tSfr hZ\ '^ H ™''"' ""^ ^^^-^ ^^^ "'^y ^ow you me use ot their barns, and so on, as a return for their kindne^* As a rule you should have some object in your exSuSi S f., f ^' '/ y°" ^'^ ^ P^t^°' «f towi boys, you woK off with the Idea of scouting some special spot, sky ^p^Sar Le creek, or mountain, battlefield or beach Or v\«, m»^ kL ' yotu- way to join one of the larger camps." ^''^ "'"^ '^ °" canVary^ufw'y'Sp^^^^^^^^^^ ^^ --^ry, you the idea of'goingl^ Zt^^^^ and K fflTrd:ns' ioat Cruising Instead of tramping or cvcling. it is also »« exrpJI^^-.* ^,^ -• W . i«rol to take a bo., and Sate a trip i^ S'^^ g^^ ■I $i The Canadian Boy Scout IfT"'"^' ^"' "1° °''® ^**®"'<* ^ a^O'^cd in the boat who is not a good swimmer, because accidents are pretty sure to haonen and if aU are swimmers it does not matter - in fact, it is rather a good experience than otherwise. I once made such a cruise with two of my brothers. We took a smaU fodmg-up canvas boat, and went as far up the Thames as we could possibly get, tUl it became so narrowband sSl stream that we were continually having to get out and pull our ♦^1, ♦Tll^'^" ^'t^ ^""^ stopped-up bits of river. Then we took the boat on the Avon, which rises near the source of the Thames but flows to the westward, and here, again, we began Jn^n^^TJ■ T ""'jy. »'"^' '^nd gradually work^ our way tTn^l^^ '* develo,^ into a big stream, and so through Bath and Bnstol on to the Severn. Then across the Severn and up the Wve mto Wales. We carried wi^h us our tent, stores, and fook! hn!.^^if*"'v'^ '^'^^ ''^ y"' '^^"^ *° "^« 0"t. independent of imagmed, and the expense w., ery small. Mountaiaeering knoi^ ***f °^ interesting moi aineering can be done if you know where to go, and it is grai.. sport, and brings into phc- Uce all your scoutcraft to .nable y.u to find your wav and Vn make yourself comfortable in camp ^ ^' ^ ''' mo^w"^' ""^ Tr^' ^°"tT**ly 'osing your direction, because, Z,T2. Pi,r1 .l°r !? ^^ *^^P «^"^ of the mou^tainsSJ you lose sight of the landmarks which usually guide you. so that you have o watch your direction by the sun SJd b/youra,m! SfTrkvel lieT^ °° esUmatmg in what direction you? proper line Then, again you are very liable to be caught in fogs and mists which are at all tun^ upsetting to the calctlations^v^ of^en l^?ci?^JH'^'^^'^l'^^~""^• I had such an e^S in Scotland one year, when, in company with a Highlander who knew the ground, we got lost in the mbt. But, supposing S? ttZ ' ""^y' ^ ~«^"«* myself entirely to ^da^e rnnSr^ f^^ Tu ^^^ ^ ^*'^ ^"^^ '° '^^"^ to him that i-n^^^ ^^^ rS** ^ '"**^*"*y '^"»8«i' fof »t had been blow- mg from our left when we started, and was now blowing hard on our right cheek. However, he seemed in no way nonDluSed and led on. PresenUy I remarked that the winS^wi bS behmd us. so that either the wind, or the mountain, or we^^ Patrolling ^^ of roping them^SZ.Lr '*'" °"?*'* '° P'^^^'^se the art to save thZZw^1r^]'^^ZTaZl^'^'''l '^^ °" '^^ ^°P« ping down pred^ces mln^J^ ^°''^ /" ^'^ ""o^ and slip- posfngthat'onTEaUs'^^^^gS ^^n'^^' l"^ from going down into the dep^* ^ "^^ °^"" ^^ ^^« ^ seif'Sfd-sr^eATr'^t^^^^^ lrL^^aS^o^tJ^an^^S^^^^^^^ tight all t.e timerthTifle i°L^^^^^ ^° ''^P ^^e rope from him with all their weiX and hnW P^ ^^^ ° ?P '^*" **ay footing. A loop td^^To atou? W? .; •'" "? ^'" ^^^^K^ins hU be a ;' bowline'^' ^"he^enS^"of't[e tH": I'^P^J f."^ «ho"W knot " or a Pfttrollinc «- fc ^ PATBOl IN TU OPIN centre; if gSng^Crs"' "^ ^''f^lj''' ''"' P*'"'' leader in the No. 2 scout is in front. Mo, , ,nd Ito it, ,• l ^"^ "' *»"'• the rear, and No. 6 with ,>J^* (N^5t'.^^"'c«t;e!""- ' " 64 The Canadian Boy Scout ' Patrols when going across open country where they are likely to be seen by enemies or animals should get over it as quickly ^ possible, t.e., by moving at the scout's pace, walking and running alternately from one pomt of cover to another. As soon as they are hidden m cover they can rest and look round before making the next move. If as leading scout you get out of sight of your patrol, you should, m passing thick bushes, reeds, etc., break branch^ or stems of reeds and grass every few yards, making the heads pomt forwards to show your path, for in this way you can always find your way back again, or the patrol or any one commg after you can easUy follow you up, and they can judge PATKOL ON A KOAO OK 8TKEET from the freshness of the grass, pretty well how long ago it was you passed that way. It is always useful to " blaze " trees — that means take a chip out of the bark with your axe or knife, or chalk marks upon walls, or make marks in the sand, or lay stones or show which way you have gone by the signs which Thave given you. .. W^en a troop is marching as a body along a road it is well to divide the road. That is, for the scouts to move in a single file along each side of the road. In this way they don't suffer from dust; and they don't interfere with the traffic. Night Work Scouts must be able to find their way equally well by night as by day. In fact, miUtary scouts in the army work mostly by night, m order to keep hidden, and lie up during the day. But unless they practise it frequently, boys are very apt to lose themselves by night, distances seem greater, aiid landmarks are hard to see. Also you are apt to make more noise than by day, m walking along, by accidentaUy treading on dry sticks, kickmg stones, etc. If you are watching for an enemy at night, you have to trust much more to your ears than to your eyes, and also to your nose, for a scout who is well practised at smelling out things, and who has not damaged his sense of smell by smoking, can often smeU an enemy a good distance away. I have done it many times mjTseif , and found it of the greatest value. '■^•^^"^T?'. • f^b).: ff>-l t T^« ■*r^ Finding the Way 65 ^«^ts luve «, guide th™«.lv« very muZ^TsUrs at Finding the Way fn on ^''^ ^"""^ "^y instances Of it myself ^' ^^"^ * into the bush, and when th^^r^.^ walked off a few yards foUowed as far as thev coSd hf ?^ tif. Ti"^ '™''"' ""« country, but he was S.^^nH t„' ^ "1''' ''^'="" *"' »' «"' dead Sdy wi°Co"e^";^""^»ft;rwards, and then his he started, and close to Se .^'^ "^ ""''" ''™5' '«"» "'«« »oUciSg wiLt ITr^cSon ;ra;i m^Sn^ k-'Z?' ""''". » 66 The Canadian Boy Scout landmarks, you are very apt to find yourself going round in a biff arcle after a short time. u « • uig In such a case a tenderfoot, when he suddenly finds himself out of his beanngs, and lost alone in the desert or forest, at once loses his head and gets excited, and probably begins to run. when the nght thing to do is to force himself to km> cool and give himself something useful to do - that is, to track his own spoor back agam; or, if he faUs, sUrt getUng firewood for mak- mg signal fires to direct those who are looking for him. The main point is not to get lost in the first instance. Every old scout on first turning out in the morning noUces which way the wind .is blowing. ««"«» When you start out for a walk or on patrol, you should noUce IK J'^lfO". by the compass, you start in, and aUo notice which direction the wmd is blowing, as that would be a great help to you in keeping your direction, especially if you have not got a compass, or if the sun is not shining. Then you should notice all landmarks for finding your way. that IS, m the country notice any hUls or prominent towera steeples, cunous trees, rocks, gates, mound.s, bridges, and so on any points, in fact, by which you could find your way back again or by which you could instruct any one to go the same line which you have gone. If you notice your landmarks going out. you can always find your way back by them, but you should take care occasionally to look back at them after passing them, so that you get to know their appearance for your return journey. The same holds good when you are in a town, or when you arrive in a new town by train; the moment you step out from the stauon notice where the sun is, or which way the smoke is blowmg Also notice your landmarks, which would be promi- nent buUdmgs, churches, factory chimneys, names of streets and Shops, etc., so that when you have gone down numerous streets you can turn round and find your way back again to the staUon without any difficulty. It is wonderfully easy when you have practised It a htUe, yet many people get lost when they have turned a few comers in a town which they do not know The way to find which way the wind is blowing if there is only very l«ht aar is to throw up little bits of dry grass, or to hold up a handful of hght dust and let it fall, or to suck your thumb anS wet it aJl round and let the wind blow on it, and the cold side of It wUi then tell you which way the wind is blowing. When you are actmg as scon t to find the way for a party, you should move ahead of them and hx your whole attention on what you are Finding the North ^7 doing, because you have to go by the verv smallMt .;-^. -i * Weather Wisdom w<^eJ^!Jw;T»n ''*'? scout ought to be able to read signs of the rn^SiKi^er"''" ^"^ "Mountaineering or cnSg/^d He should remember the foUowing pointer — R^ fn t^l'- '^'P^M^d VeUght (U, fine day coming). Ked m mormng is the shepherd's warning (i.e. raSS Yellow sunset means wind ' ''' Pale yellow sunset means rain. aJr'S?/"? ^ ^'^y ™°"^« ™«»n fine 'weather. C^r distant view means rain coming or just past the'^'ri^nTir^vSnT""^^^^'*^^^^-^^ ^'^^-vc Soft clouds, fine weather. Hard-edged clouds, wind. RoUed or jagged, strong wind. " When the wind's before the rain. Soon you may make saU again ; When the ram's before the wind Then your sheets and halyards mind." Finding the North MICROCOPY RESOIUTION TEST CHART (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) 1.0 1.1 1.25 L£|2j8 1^ Kb Ubu III 1.8 ^ /APPLIED IN/MGE Inc 1653 Eost Moin Street Rochester. Near York U609 USA (716) ♦82 - 0300 - Phone (716) 288 - 5989 -Fox 68 The Canadian Boy Scout tui! y°H Vv« °J>t a compass, the sun will tell you by day where the north is, and the moon and the stars by night n'rilt'I o.clock in the morning the sun is due' east, at nine In wl r ^u u ^"^^T^t' and at six o'clock he is due west t^r 'i^i.'!?" ^''^ ^' ^°°« ^^o--* «^ o'clock, but he will not have reached due west when he is set «■ "c wui noi noSi^W^K %r^° sailed round Africa in ancient times Sde - tw J ^° ''^y ^^l^^ ^^^ ^^ 'ose on their left-hand ?n ! Z ^ ""^'^ «°'°« ^"^- Then they reported that theygot to a strange country where the sun got up in the wrong Ser rouTdW^'''' 1^^' ¥"^- The tmth Sas tSttZy^h23\?ne across the face of the -aratch so that it rests on Srcentre S^the II 1 Finding the North 69 and north line ^ ^ '^^ P^"°^ '^" ^ the true south nig^SirrSfyTe tSTr IT'^ °^*^ "^ ^"""« ^he them. ^ ^"^ '° ^'^'^ earth turning round under beS^^h^y^^^ToSs^m:^^^^^^^^^ ^^ to them of men and animals. ^'"'^ "^^ P'*^"^ «' sky-signs " r 0 c 3 V I »- \ «. A.. \ » A* - — — — * \ 6(« thS'like^' " '' AndTuT '° *'^^' ^'"8 «^P«d some- to know becaS^n f h^ 1^ 'he most useful one fbTa scout exJSrw^Thi^iortrf '^rD?n ^'^ .-^\^^tshows7im "Great Bear" and thp fof,' /^^^.^'PP^r « also caUed the w^-r^o'Th ;? pVsK "M-r^r " point o„. move round, as I have saW inrint^r ''l'^ t"** constellations t«aw» 70 The Canadian Boy Scout "th MattS cr HaU AQiy i ) pSe Stor^'^' ^**''' *"'* '*"' ^^'^ ''*' •'^ ^^ ^^ " '»»« North or Pol^lf!''^ "t^ be compared to an umbrella over you. The Pole Star is where the stick goes through the centre of it A real umbrella has been made with all the stars marked on it in their proper places. If you stand under it and twist it slowly round, you see exactly how the stars quietly go round, but the Pole Stor remains steady in the middle. Then another set of stars, or " con- stellation," as it is called, represents a man wearing a sword and belt, and IS named " Orion." It is easily recog- nized by the three stars in line, which are the belt, and three smaller stars in another line, close by, which are the sword. Then two stars to right and left below the sword are his feet, while two more above the belt are his shoulders, and a group of three small stars between them make his head. Now the great point about Orion IS that by him you always can tell which way the North or Pole Star hes, and which way the south, and you can see him whether you are in the south or the north part of the world. The Great Bear you see only when you are in the north, and the Southern Cross when you are in the south. If you draw a line, by holding up your staff against the sky, from the centre star of Orion's belt through the centre of his head, and carry that line on through two big sUrs till it comes to a third, that third one is the North and'SuS^' ' «^rd-the three smaU stars-points north The Zulu scouts ca'I Orion's belt and swoid the " Ingolubu," \ I / * I I * \ ^M i t '»'oA*44 ORIOM AND RCS SWORD ALWAYS POINT NORTH AND SO0TB Finding the North 71 ^y*^ SrtC"2L''?;,t?o„'°^,.'^' ^"-^ '" E-' Africa though unirSer" ,"ZS« ^°" ="' ^"^ ^ ''"»" O™". fa not visible, but S Ll.hem'S^'^ Sfr^ifC^' pointing to the North StS " ^' ^^' "" ^^ '^^'^ SOUTHERN --'" CROSS * • — Hr .. »-• » '*« «> • a — .-1 » s««ol « .y ff»v« Cto*» ^ times its length, this ooSt willX, i!? !^"^ """^ ^"^ ^ half gram). Orinoui;^a^fa^ettwtat^r.''"^V^^^- and another imaginary line bTIL?? • u ^"^^ Pointers " so long that it StTu^e^J^^nf^l"^ "^^P^^^ ^'^ ^^ fi^^t line tion of the stem She dLTX^^ ^^ ^ ^°™'^ ^^ «>nti«"a. the soua ^ ""^^^ ^ ^^ ^ ^"^ each other wiU be 7* The Canadian Boy Scont HWTS TO nrSTRUCTORS Practices in Pathfinding «—.«» o ^ The way to estimate the distance across a river is to take an object nJu ^ <^,^^e or rock on the opposite bank; start off at right angles to it from a, a J pace, sly, mnety yards along your bank; m arrtvtng at sixty yards, plant a stick or stone, b; on arriving at c, thirty » ^<^rds beyond that, th^ is,' „iJi and walk inland, counting vo^rTJ. 'rl'^' 'T- "^ ''^^ ''"^'^ the distant tree in liZ'tZT^T T^ y^^Mng the stick and from the bank CD udU th^rt ^^Z^iiTu^ ^^ ^'' '^^'^ To find the height of anoS IZht H^ ^TT ^^"^^ ^• pace a distance of, say eiihttT "" r'' ^^^' '^ "^ *^*. plant a stick, sky,^six ^ "^""^ ^"^ ^' ^""^ ^^'^ «< B ftet high; then pace on until you arrive at a point where the top of the stick comes in line c wUh the top of the tree; then the whole dis- tance AC from the foot ts io AX, the height of the tree, the same as the distance bc from the stick is to the height of ~t ^ Ugk). Ihelruis tJu^fJtigh. '■ ""* *""« '"/'" Games in Pathflnding to™„Hnto« •r.n^'l^' iL^'-f "8 'o™"- ta,oa strange Night Patrolling ^^^ly b, the n./jnSS„ l^^^^^lVl^^^ Mountain Scouting TTiree hares' are sent oS Hayb e^^^^^^ vfft ""^^^^ " «^™^- the mountains; after brerkfast a mrt v ^A '^T'*^^" *^"' « them before a certain hZ 21 AD m^if.T"''^ «i* °."' '° fi"^ with field glasses, it coun"' ^JvddXhaJ U^7 5"^ "''"' ^^^"^ mitely who it was he sootteH T.^,- i- u ^^e^can say def- given, beyond wWch aCo^f wnnS^" ^T'^'^^ ^"""^^ «"st be fore disqualified ^ °*^'' ^^ °"' ^^ ^""^s, and there- eac^Tj^^o^^J^^strff'^the'^o^^^^^^ ^"'^'^^^"^ ^P^^, and siders tiie exISSlrso^thf JS'h ^'''^■''^ '° ^^' ^^^o"" and steps back Se Sc^awiy^Srhlf Ttir-ST'^^^^^ compares each stick xJith the comwS the^n. ?* ""P""^ nearest wins. This is a u^f.,l „7£^l' , °"® ^^° 8"«sses sunless days as wSl as sSn^^yf "'^ '° P^^^ *' ^«^t <^' on HIHTS TO nrsTRTCToas Practices Games and Life m the Open Night Patrolling Practise scouts to hear and see bv nioUi k., j, .- tries, who must stand or w^ ^aL/ ^^ *^. f ^^'*'*^ ^'^ *«»- 74 The Canadian Boy Scout nt fi!i^ ^ome article, such as a handkerchief, on the ground J^ ^f' ""r^/'^'P' <^<^y <^S(^n. Then he makTs aZhe IZi^ "??/" i'' f ' """^ "-^^ i^ ^^Pire comes up hTcan explain what he has done. This may also be PrZtised bv dlv the sentries being blindfolded. praatsea oy day, BOOKS TO RSAD « " n^^' '''^l Vf" K '^f ^^' ^'?'" ^y ^' MacEwan. Price Ss. nett. The UmbreUa Star Map." Price 12s 6d nptt An ordinary umbrelU with aU the sta« in thSr proper plac^ on the mside This map can be correctly set ^fTany i^ 'S.:'^r^l^i:^^Zt^f^ ^'^ ^PP-^-- positTons^o^ GaU Pn?/i?"^lGln ^^f <>^teUations," by the Rev. James constelkSoL ^^' ^ ^^'^ Contains diagrams of the ^^^'^Astronomy for Boy Scouts," by T. W. Corbin. Price is. rs'et'rSSZ l''\f'''l&^y'" ^y S^^*^ Newcomb. Price ne^TA^-ct'Sl'^^^^^^'^^^P-"^^- Pn-6- "Mountaineering." Badminton Library. Price 6s. nett. CAMP FIRE YARN. No. 6 SKA SCOUTING Old Sea-dogs -Drake and Nelson - Lifeboatmen - Water- manship — Sea Games Old Sea-dogs thf'l!^.^'^^'!? ^^"?"^^^'^"e four hundred yeare ago the saJors of Spain, of England, of Holland, andof pStif^l were all makmg themselves famous for their dar^g voy^fn small sailmg ships across unknown oceans, by which S^eit d^venng new lands for their country in disLt Z^^'^of'^l There was one small cabin boy on a coast mg brig in the mm Francis Drake -- hope to rise in thrworld hlS^ K- ^^ '/''^ ^"^ ^^er to wretched Uttle cc^teri ivin^rbad^ ^f^^^^^^ ^'-^ "^^ '" *^« more kicks than halfpence ^ ^""^ «^*""8' « ^ ^«^» Pu|Jl^t:U:"it'%^t^^^^^^^ - l^e only — did get on, in spite 6f hk H;ffi^.7u^ u ''^^ ^*® ^s name duty tSl his officeS iw^tt hf S2an"'to^^^^^ ^' ^'^ moted him, and in the end L kI^! ^^* °.'^ ^"^ ^W pro- ships, one of Jemyleli^ro^SZ f '"P'"''!. °^. *^° ^"^^^ ^1«1 to fight the S^paniards who wefe^af & di"^!^ '^'"^ .\^ England, away across the (i:ean Jn r.„» i a'^^** ^^"^ ^'^^ onJy fought them, but ^L succeSf^ ?n ?^^^ "" "°' ships and a great deal of^lS^ ' Vot'XT" °^ '^'" his return home he was nromofiS . ^ ^ f^^"" *°^^- On tion of five ships th^iS of wWrr'"^ " ^"^«^^ ^^I^- hundred tons, and the sSJi 1 5}.^°'^^''"' ^^ °^y one considered fine shfps in S^ daj^^f iT'^ '°"f •. These were coasting schooners^d Sb'g'Sckf o7t^;'^^^^ ^ ^« [5Ae f" no oSTdu^ 'tf ^^' ""Stained shortly afterwards fattr^ryXT^ '^ ^'^T' '«'" »as w.« right. Drake S'^?';^^!^^^^ ^J^f d' 76 The Canadian Boy Scout etThetulffiVhr ',tet ^:; ^P^ -<» stores wber- for war. In this way he s^^?^ bui^S?*''"* their preparations tons oi Hoping, whidi mS^t a ereat r^nv ?k' ^'^f'v^thousand He mere./ described it in Ws re^rt ^ "^-^'^ "* *^°^ ^ays. King's beard." ^®P°^ ^ smgeing the Spanish wi"re%:\'Ai"sa'ilS'ag^^^^^^^^^ J-^-the Arn,a^^ lot of EngUsh adSs^nd ml^^"^-. ®"* ^^^^^^ ^"e a fine Charles HowarH Effin "l^^'"h^T''^'5^xi^ J°^ ^'^^ Lord were Frobisher and Sfvis WaltS R^r'^^K^'^S ^^'"'^^1' there It is true they had o^^ 6 7 s Lf i^lf \".^/^^n<^« Drake. 130 of the SpaiJiards, but Uiev Zli^ 7 '^^. *° °PP°^ ^'^^ at once before the SnanfLic^ salhed out and tackled them drove them into DunwJ^ Serthf f ^ ^'^^^ ^^' '^'^ and would not come orSronfnTehJ'Jrr'r V"'* ^"^^' ^"^ m among them which forcS the? to^ * ♦ ^^^''^ "*"' ^''^-^^P* a tremendous sea-fight rwhidTnrl/"* lu""!; '^^" ^n«"«l ead. The battle iLtei aS dtr wifh I" '^' ^^'''^^^ '"^^ the foundering or explodSg ^' ^ ^""' ™^"°« ^nd ships OclWoiJy^E!:^^;^,^^^^^^^ the German of Scotland and Ireland S?w«t damt?4 k^T^ '^^ "^^^ by a gale, so that in the end out of J^^^^^ ^Z ^hot and beset sail which had set out for th.^ ^^ magnificent fleet of 130 back, with only about 9 i>?out°o?r' ° • ^"«.'"'^^' ^^'^ 53 got " The pride of SpaL C humhl?^ °?f "l' ^°'°°° '"«^°- at once stepped intone h?eh^rrint "^^ "^f '' ^°^ England world." [sT'InEmpi^Lt^aV^:*^--^^^^^^ Nelson Httle fellow,^ w^for a Sta h, £?'"■? "^.P*"'- =''*'>'. up th X^p'?2'.^^Z:fj;?'^\™ "^■•■•8. tte "fficer gave WM thence marked as a good officer * ™«eeded, and Every boy know, how, after a splendid career of fighting for The Lifeboatmfen .. hour of victoof mortally wounded fn the begun by Drake and the se^aX«V his time r."*^^ ^' »** our enemies were entirely sweof from nff T' ^''^ ''^^''=* °f merchant ships could car% onTheirTJ. ^Y '^^' ^"^ '^eir countri. rJained at pe^ar^^ft^S^Bri?!" '°"« " ^^^'^ to-X ^^Te'lSe^ ^,rwt^ -^^ ^eat Britain til, stronger, and it ^lul the duty of m.nv r"''^"*"^ «^°^"« good seamen like thefr forefaK Til °"' ^^^ '° ^^'"^ the power which they won for ^ ^°'"« '"^ ^""^ "P defers. o^?hTlp^uTbrorh:rB^^^^^^^ -' o- of war, so we are bSniin T r«S ^'°^ '''" ^^ »" ^ime selves ready, scouts tot^LPurp,^^^^^^^ ^?^ y^^^' hy learning your work as LT^n?.? that navy, ,f needed, chance. ^ ^* ^ ^°"^ "o^ while you have the anl'intSn'TlaX^^th'rioilii T"?"^"^ ^^^^^ ^^-n«« distant oceansfwTth pieSyVcS^i^vSth ^ aU the time he isti^.'^^^rJ^iZ''^ '^^^^^^ ^" " -^ The Lifebofttmen bur?h":'?e%\?r^o'^il ^--/-ery-day Hfe, than sailors of that kLd whrml .7°?', f ^ "^ *"»«^ ^^^^s coastsof Great Britain i^ey We to Bp^^'' "" """""^ ^^« at any minute, when the dan^rovTsto™ i^.'f ^'^ ^° '"'" °"^ danger in order to save othtS nJ} .u *V'^. '*°'^'' *« ^ace so quietly we have come to Sok ?.l^ ^^^^ *^^ '' ^ ^^'en and affair, to be expectS but ,' 7c ^° u ^ '"°'' *^ *" every-day and worthy ofTurlJii^^tlon "°"' *^* '^ ^P'*'^^^ °^ ^e™ " sea^^utSng^' tTbvTeaS ^. ^""'^ ^^°' »>y ^^ing up ship, will be^bL to u£Thi^f"^-'^"?r'°'^"d seaman^ country as seamen on our batdih^f '""• ^^ "^"^^^ ^^ 'heir service, or as Ufeboafmen u ^"^^^^^'•^3^" ""^'^^ "^*^^<^^nt 78 The Canadian Boy Scout tidy, they^Jir'lM. an ^Z & '^^^ '^ T^ ' '^"^ "»' scouts, cheerily deteiSTmake Z^^' ."u^'^ "*' '''^^ and take, and to keep theh- ria^ tidu anH^i' "^ ^'L""^*' '««^^« happy family and e^foy thei? U?e ^ '''*"' '^^'^ ^" ^ » Watemunship to plunge i„ .„ Sl'^^rrer^'JS" 'To'L''^ ",''• " ^ It or steering it in a wide circle so that It comes up alongside with its head pomtmg the same way as the bow of the ship or towards the current. You should be able to row one oar in time with the rest of the boat s crew, or to scull a pair of oars, or to scuU a bo.- by screwing a single oar over the stem. In rowing, the object of feathering, or turning the blade of the oar flat save it from catching the wind an'd 'thllT^ k ^ ?^^ "?'*•■' '* '« the boat. You should kn^how 1 JjrotV^.'''?*' '^' P*" °^ fling it on to another boat or wharf or h!^w T' °I u P* ?* ^ '« fast a rope thrown to vou All , ' u ^?7, '° ^^^^ ^"^ «»ake raft out S^any i^Steik thaf you'S'ntt^^^^^^^^^ 'T '° T^^ ^ logs, barrels, icks of straw and ^^n ^nr «? °^' '"'^^ ^ P'^"'^^' cross a river with yomU:<^l^h:I'''^V°'''^^y''^''^^o available, oryou maX^^hS? l^^^u ''^"^ "° ^ts are a raft for s^Xr^nSeTf Y^TS'' T^'? ''^^^ throw a lifebuoy toTdrowJT '^°"^^^^'«> know how to learned only by practice "^ ""*"• ^^"^ ^««« ^^^ •>« fin^youS^r hXlL^Tn^^".'" ^^' ^•^ y°" -0"W which is fuU oP^fS^^fo; !,"t ^/''^Pf ''*'^«' ^'^ * "^^r catch it ^°" ^ °^y you were able to A Whale Hunt 79 Knotting and splicing. Build, repair, caulk, and paint a boat. Principle of the engines and of steam or hydraulic winch and of the different classes of men-of-war. ^ ' S^l'S? °"* and sewing sails and own clothes, bignallmg semaphore, flag. Naval discipline. Nautical songs, chanties, and hornpipe. Climbing aloft. Games A Whale Hunt h.??^ "^.J*!*? '"*^* °' * ^'^ '°« o^ wood with a roughly shaDed bS SaTff^^f K°'>H" ■?'"■' ^ o^"™"- Each to^t Deiongs to a diSerent harbor, the two harbors being about a I' A WHALE HUNT S^f'L """^ TP^'^ ^'^'^ ^« wJ^ale and lets it loose about half-way between the two harbors, and on a ^vln^T^l overUke, the other, abo harpoons tie wlSK'Snl",^ J^rand li| 8o The Canadian Boy Scout endeavors to tow the whale back to its harbor. In this wav the two boats have a tug^f-war, and eventually the better S in 7hi ^J*^' ^^ disaphne and strict silence and attention fhp^t^P'T V'"^"" t'^ ^^^ ^''•o^g points towards wSe ^e^^T • ^^•'^?^' ^^'^^ ^^ '^^8^' ^«^ value of diS^e^ The game IS simJar to one described in E. Thompson^toS^s Bu-chbark of the Woodcraft Indians." ^ ^"^^^'' Games. -Exploration; whale hunt; ship- wreck; cuttmg-out expedition; slavers; smuggleS- shipwreck display. (See " Scouting Garnet," pria isO' BOOKS TO JLRAD J'^t ^7f m"""^? ^^^^^ ^.?°^'" ^y »• Po«>ck- Price Soutiig. ^J'^""*y) An exceUent guide for all branches of PoldlJo ^ ® ^ ^^ ^" ^'^y^ Navy." Price is. (Gale & "How Our Navy is Run," by A. S. Kurd. With nreface bv l^el'STe'Sa^^^^^^'- ^"" "' "^"^ A JarJct^to^ shiw r^o.f'"'''" '^ ^'^'^^ ^^^*^' ^^^^- a.F. &'i£S'P^*'^'"^^^'^"''^""*- Pri«3s.6d. (Gay HnfTS TO nrSTRUCTOKS VisU, if possible, a man-of-war, oce^in Hner, or dockyard. CAMP FIRE YARN. No. 7 SIGNALS AlTD COMMAHDS ^"""^^Z}^ S^nal - Hidden Despatches - Signal Fires - Words of Command - WhisUrand Flag S^ds Information by Signal Scouts have to be very clever at passimr news secretlv fr«« one place to another, or signalling to SS?U^^^?L^JSS I Information by Signal ="■« t ssx r-^, ta-t that they were getting toST'p^f ^^^^' ^'^^^ ^^^ ""^bers news came to me by meS,, of / "' ^°'^' *'^** «^- This roUed up in a liTue baMh^ s^ of a Sl'^'^i ^'"^.'' ^^^^^^ ^ hole in a rough walking «Vfrt i ,P^'' ^^ P"^ «»side a tiny The stick w^%Tn to f natt;^K ^'"^ /" ^^« ^th wS^ into Mafeking^aS rive ^e the I^^t'^'^'y ^ '^''^^^ to come when he brought m?Thk^ stick ^ .h ^-i P'"^"^' Naturally, whiteman,! JSessSthe^ "^.^J'k!"'* "^'t'^ ^^ f^°™ anothS found thisVe^l^SSTer """^""^^ '"^^^ ''' ^°^ «>°» reading it ^om^"^q^^'J^l^^''^ ^^^^^ f that anybody wnuen in; but to me\ wa?d ^c^^^s J^^ff -«« it was the^To -^ S tlTaCre' t^^c^F^^^^^^ - giye They carried th^KS'^^hTtr^ '^!7.f ''°' ^^'"- written on thin oaner in »moiii i ^' ^® 'otters were all • or more woSJlTSlTun Z h^^V^^^'^ * ^"^^^ letter roUed up into roSrS liS ^^^^^ '""^Z * '^"**^ ^aU, and then The native sSut SSSldi^ ^^il '"f\^ '^ ^ P«^ked in hand, and han^ roii^ nXl^^/'K^^^^^"^ ^^'^ « his he saw he was Sdang^ of be?n^ J^fc ^/ ^^'^^^- Then, if drop aU his baUs o^l 1S^?SX ^^ \?r ""' ^^ ^^^^^^ so many stones, and he%^5noS^i ^J ^°^^*^ ^'^^y «ke three points romid about Wm W k^ u l""^™"^" ^"'"^ two or to find the exac??^? wherJS: feji''* ^*, '^^'"'^ ^e able again walk boldlyonuStillc^^fS k fi^^'^'^ thenhewSuld him. would hZw^^^Sl ^ '^ • ^°*l' '^ho. if he searched then wait aK foToerhS^iTP'''^"' **^"' him. He wouS clear, and come bSc tofeL^hei'r ^^ "^f «^* '^^ the letters were IjJng ^ ^ '^^ landmarks told him tre«^otSS'or"oX73S"!^' "P^u^^ objects-like ^^ a. ^iin^^Jra^^slrwIot^^i^ 82 The Canadian Boy Scout Signalling Captain John Smith was one of the first to make use of sig- nab to express regular words, three hundred years ago. He was then fighting on the side of Uie Austrians against the Turks. He thought it wicked for Christian men to fight against Christians if it could possibly be avoided, but he would help any Christian, although a foreigner, to fight against a heathen; so he joined the Austrians against the Turks. He invented a system of showing lights at night with torches, which when held in certain positions with each other meant certain words. Several officers in the Austrian forces practised these signals till they knew them. On one occasion one of these officers was besieged by the Turks. John Smith brought a force to help him, and arrived on a hill near the town in the night. Here he made a nimiber of torch signals, which were read by the officer inside, and they told him what to do when Smith attacked the enemy in the rear, and this enabled the garrison to break out successfully. Signal Fires Scouts of all coimtries use fires for signalling piuposes — smoke fires by day and flame fires by night. Smoke Signals. — Three big puffs in slow succession mean "Go on." A succession of small puffs mean " Rally, come here." A continued column of smoke means " Halt." Alternate small puffs and big ones mean " Danger." To make a smoke fire light your fire in the ordinary way, and as soon as it is strong enough put on green leaves 4ind grass, or damped hay, etc , to make it smoke. Cover the fire with a damp blanket, and take off the blanket to let up a puff of smoke, and put it over the fire again. The size of puff depends on for how long you lift the blanket. For a short puff hold it up while you count two, and then replace the blanket while you count eigf t, then let up another puff while you count two, and so on. For a long puff hold up the blanket for about six seconds. F/<«« that some armf !f! 'he semaphore signalling, which is done by waving your easy to learn, and is known by every soldier and sailor in^ the A .- f^ , B — • • • ^ 2 C ^ 3 E . • / . P f 6 c ^ , H • • • • ^5 8 I • • fl 9 " --? K — . - ^ 0 L .- .. ^ KOSSE SEMAPBOU KUMMUL "--•1 Q -f R •-. ^ S • • . "> T- r V • • . — ^ w . J* X -. .-. C Y— -> 2 ^ HOKSE SEKAPBOKE Si?;. "'j^iT" "",!" "" '^ <•""«« l«"ers, and the different Sf^- a^^Ch tZJ^ *"" ';?'" -^ "^ rep^seTSSe iciiers, ana tliough it looks complicated in the nicturf iirh»» aiS^ nf r"^", ^T"^ ^x.'? ^ ^'^^ »™ o^y « used, making a quarter of a circle for each letter in succession Then from H to Miscellaneous Signals 8S > o)-if you .ake^Se"na5^'Sr.'.i!:?.?f'-^n« bV bctag ri;iti" back wis.; ^^.■* ^ *>^ ^^^ figures ll wrS^S/repSted bv^P li''"''''* '^^^'°"- Should J««««, .station '^^le^4 aSTli*^^^"'.'^ (which is answered by the Z.m^ I^.u ^ *? ^•«"-' the group of figures again! ^^' ^^ ^*" ^""^ MISCBLLARXODS SIOHALS > SlCNAL Both arms waving' at letter T. f K. Q. ' G. R. U. M. Q. P.P. V. E. R. D. Z. A. A. A. s. s. s. STOP. C. I. MEANmc AND Use Calling up signal. Used after numerals. Are you ready? Goon. Who are you ? Wait. "l""""^ P"^!"'" «* recoided. Veo; End "finish of messa«r " nui' J°^ message correct. i:J'*°' . *°* ^o« and after anv «n«^«l words or imoortant nam^^. T u '. "P^oal „^ BLOCK CAWtS^"""*'' "^ •* ^^^^^ i« "Full Stop." CiTOm. 6"»l>«oil,c««netatokoulquartm. when tiJ^Jl^J^A^,^^J<^ «fll My "No," makinff*' T "^iSl n* ^^*''? "'^^ "^ acknowledge bv continue the messa^ S^S^Al^" "^ "^ ^"^^^ '^ 86 The Canadian Boy Scout If you want to write a despatch that will puzzle most people to read, use the Morse or semaphore letters in place of the ordinary alphabet. It will be quite readable to any of your friends who understand signallmg. Also, if you want to use a secret language m your patrol, you should all set to work to learn Esperanto. It is not difficult, and IS taught m a little book costing two cents. This language IS being used in ail countries, so tnat you would be able to ifet on with It abroad now. * Commands and Signals Each patrol leader should provide himself with a whistle and a lanyard or cord for keeping it. The following commands and signals should be at your finger ends, so that you could teach them to your patrol, and know how to order it properly. Words of Command " FaU in " (in line). " Alert " (stand up smartly). "Easy" (stand at ease). " Sit easy " (sit or lie down without leaving ^he ranks). Dismiss " (break off). '' Right " (or left); (each scout turns accordingly). Patrol nghc " (or left); (each patrol with its scouts in line wheels to that hand). " 8^*i "If^** " ^^^^^ smartly, stepping off on the left foot). „ Rouble (run at smart pace, arms hanging loose). alteSn ^*^^ " ^^^^ ^"^^"'^ ^^^^ ^""^ ^"^ ^^^^^^' P**^^ Signals and Signs When a scouUnaster wants to call his troop together he makes his bugler sound " The Scouts' Call." Patrol leaders thereupon call together their patrols by sound- ing their whistles, followed by their patrol (knimal) war cry. Then they double their patrol to the scoutmaster. Whistle Signals are these: 1. One long blast means " SUence," " Alert," " Look out for my next signal." 2. A succession of long, slow blasts means, " Go out " " Get farther away," or " Advance," " Extend," " Scatter." Signals and Signs 87 3. A succession of short, sharp blasts means " Rallv " " Close m," " Come together," " Fall in." 4. A succession of short and long blasts alternately means Alarm," "Look out." "Be ready," "Man your alarm posts. 5. Thrtte short blasts followed by one long one from scout- master call up the patrol leaders - i.e., " li^dws come here ! " Any whistle signal must be instantly obeyed at the double as fast as ever you can run - no matter what other job you may be domg at the time. ^ ^ Hand signals — which can also be made by patrol leaders with tneir patrol flags when necessary. Hand waved several times across the face from side to side, or S*Tg''M':fxT^°"^".^"r, ^,!°™ s^<*e to side opposite the face means No, Never mmd," " As you were." Hand or flag held high, and waved very slowly from side to side, at full extent of arm, or whistle a succession of slow blasts means Extend," " Go farther out," " Scatter." Hand or flag held high, and waved quickly from side to side at lull extent of arm, or whistle a succession of short, quick blasts means " Close in," " Rally," " Come here." Hand or flag pointing in any direction means " Go in that direction. Clenched hand or flag jumped rapidly up and down several times means " Run." u g^j'jl, °'" ^^g ^eld straight up over head means " Stop," When a leader is shouting an order or message to a scout who IS some way off, the scout, if he hears what is being said, should hold up his hand level with his head all the time. If he cannot hear, he should stand still, making no sign. The leader will then rep^t louder, or beckon to the scout to come innearer. The following signals are made by a scout with his staff when he IS sent out to reconnoitre within sight of his patrol, and they have the following meanings: — Staff held up horizontally, that is, flat with both hands above the head, means " A few enemy in sight." « The same, but with staff moved up and down slowly, means A number of enemy in sight, a long way off." The same, staff moved up and down rapidly, means " A num- ber of enemy in sight, and close by." 88 The Canadian Boy Scout ^.^The staff held straight up over the head means " No enemy in Practices in Signalling JP«ct« laying, Ughtiag, .uid u« m^SSte'^°^„X^^^^^^ ^T^r ^' feasible, the person/ mgenuity m concealing despatches on HIHT8 TO IHSTRUCTOSS not want h W «LIS !1?^^ T^ .*?*« ^«'''. *«<:fl«M« JW rfa others Z use^T^AuZl Ta^t'l- ^^^T^^ -^"^ *^ be pretty food In cn^L^^ J^ t'^^'^'' '""' ott ought to competUion gives the badZanZcstp^Zkl^ ' ^ ^^''^'"'^ °^ Despatch Running bi^"".ts;Tiu''ch'ryt'°atr "t^ J'^'-t" -^ » house), «,dhemust«tZ^SharS„tS'1^' '?™' " ~bred j^ two fee. long, pinnAT^'^louId ""h.'T;? start at Irast four mUes away from tlie town he is laaa fr, pf: &te>s°4-pc-^rrdj^-£g Scouting Race 89 On Tbek. - Make a trek through Central Africa, each scout carrying lus kit and food packed in a bundle on his head Walk m single file, with scout 200 yards out in front, and find the way -he makes scout signs as to the road to foUow; make bndge over stream or raft over lake; corduroy or fagots in f^ !^yZy'o!7si::'^ '''' '^^^^ ^^^ ^"^ p^^- -^° -y c.Ia 'T*" ^°"' ^?^^^ individually ideas of time and distance ^rlfwn °"- "^ ? ^^"'1'^' ^'f'^^'^ °° «>•"« '^^^ order as tWs U) two miles to north-north-east. Write a report to show exactly where you are (with sketch map, if possiS^ to expS »')• B"ng »n your report as quickly as possiblT" Then twt by ordnance maps or otherwise to see how far he WM out of the distance and direction ordered Send out scouts in pairs, to compete each pair against the Lme sno^? ^^' l? ^ '"^^"^ ^^ * ^^^«' rS^te to gSn the same spot, finding the way by map, and to reach the g --^^ oufin^to-;;n'j:Sr^'wdf^reer^tr'^" -ay be carried ar^^^^\^^-~:-i^^''^^'' s^^ons three individuals or groups, ea^ group differently clothed as far as possible and carrying (hfferent articles (such as stick, bundle, pkpS, etc.) at distances from 300 to 1200 yards from starting-^dnt If there ontt^i' ^^l ^*^"'' ^^ «™"P^ °^«ht be tdd to kneel on ZtJ^' ^^ ^^ ^"^^ '"*^^ *'^^"de to distinguish them from passers-by. He makes out a circular course of three points fw the competitors to run, say about one quarter of a Sdle, wi'S a few jumps if possible. Dirl^!lk ?K?lS'' '^"^ ^"Ir^ ^° ^°- ' P*>^'- Her* the um- P»« teUs them the compass-direction of the group they have to Zl?ng - ^"P^'itor on seeing this g^up^writS^i^rt I. How many in the group, a. How clothed or how distinguishable. 90 The Canadian Boy Scout i' n^?r f '^i'^ *"y landmark near them. 4- Distance from his own position. tinf^r*^' ~ ^"" ""t'^.' S for each correct and complete descrin- eow ) "sTnnt !^*i'"?. ^^^ ^°y 5^°"^^" (Brown & Sons. Glas- CHAPTER m CAMP LIFE CAMP FIRE YARN. No. 8 PIONBBRIRO Knot-tying - Hut-building - Felling Trees - Bridgine - Self-measurement - Judging Heights and DisK Knot-tying . Pioneers are men who go ahead to open up a wav in th.. jungles or elsewhere for those coming after them^ ^ "" ^ mmmtnH o7^i°" ^Z^'"'' ?" ^ ^^t «>ast of Africa I had wpT^S . ' * ^«* ^""'^^ °^ ""^^^^ «^o"ts, and. like a^scoute we tned to make ourselves useful in everv wav tn^.r S TLktutfoTthe^"^* ^^'^^ ^^"- "^ot Zly^Z l\i S, I. H'f ^''^f^y ^^ ^*'c^ Ws moves, but we also Ad what we could to improve the road for ou^ own armt^ s^amm ""^T^^^ * P*"™^ ^^ through thick jCgleTd swamps. TTiat is, we became pioneers as well as iouts In S^»^""* ""^ °" '"^^ ^* ^^"t °«"ly two hunSeJSeso^ SZ^fJ?'"'^''?^; Butwhenlfirst^setthescoutetodf^s SS S.T«^lf ^°'' ^^'^ to use an axe to cut down tie h^ ASr '"""W.^^ about sixty men, none knew lirfnr kSS- K -7 ®''*° ^ ^®^- So they were quite use- l^Jher ^ ^^' ^ ^ ^ to be done by t^ poles 9« i M 92 The Canadian Boy Scout .«'■ ?^. *OWUI«. • looD that »« IX.* •Up. to tie round » peiw b^ uS^ from • buildiiw. etc^K»^TL!?*S** zMl&^^KH Knot-tying ^ So ewy scout ought to b. .We to tie knoto. .Uy make. tSS?iJ^:t"ti,^^«i-JS:i'>-" they c«. gen.. Bttt-building •M^^^^ "^ """'^ ""^ ™'*" « «» what „rt of 94 The Canadian Boy Scout The simplest shelter is to plant two forked sticks firmly in the ground, and rest a cross bar on them as ridge-p^le Then FKAIIEWORK OF A BtVOUAC SHELTER lean Other poles against it, or a hurdle or branches, and thatch It with grass, etc. "«i.v.*i Or another good way, and quicker, is to cut one pole only and ^an It against a tree, binding its end there; then thatch it with branches or brushwood, etc Afl^TJ?"" ^r "° ^^^ ^"^^"^^^^ y°^ ^^" do as the South African natives do - pile up a lot of brushwood, heather etc AN EASUY MADE HUT into a smaU v.. il made in semicircle to keep out the cold wind and make your fire in the open part. .k How to Make Bridges . 95 the tent in suiter S^t is ?^ V^S'' ?' ^^^J^' '^^^' « walls thickerroTbuild a .m»n ^^^'^^^^^ke the bottom of the round the fSt i the waVrtL?" v "^'^ "^"' ^ f«>' ^igh drain aU round ?our LTL tSh-^''"''- '^'' *° *« * «°«* your floor ^,1 n^t.get^fliSXl'Sjr """ ^'^ '^^ '^•«^' 4X^?:tiS:^;i^,^^^^^^^^^ circle of until theyTve Wk fkld o?Hr."^i°^ the uprights hori^ntally, cover with a str^ tat orll^t^o '^^^^^^^^^ '^' ^^^^ ^he^n stj-cks. SomedmesrsmU K; Tefri? tT^ ""T*^ '"*° '^"^ sticks join, to act as a chimim! ^^ '^^ ^°P ^^^""^ a» the The Indians make their " teenee " ^^Atu . . together in the form of TnvJS^ 7^^^ ^"^^^^ Po'es tied Felling Trees A scout must know how to use 3;ji^« °[, ^"'-^^o'^ for chopping down small trees and branches. The way to cut down a tree is fi«t to chop out a chunk of wood near the bottom of the stem on t^ toll ^^"^ >^°" ^^^ ^he ^^ i "' '¥° 8° round to the opposite side of the stem a few inches above the first cut until the tree topples over. It is a matter of pracuce to become a woodcutter, at fii?"l ^""^ 'I ^ ^^'y ireful Set^'^'^'^'^'PP'^^ you miss - tile tree, and chop your own leg. How to Make Bridges HOW TO ntL A TME 96 The Canadian Boy Scout There are many ways of making bridges. In the British Ar«,« they are generally made of poles lashTtogethen folnc^^ ion^Tfe^°""^"f' '^^ -stives make bridges out ofThrS ropes stretched across the river and connected together e^^ few yards by V-shaped sticks, so that one ro^ Slm^he foot^laJh SCPE BUDGE f.?mr!?l°'^'/rj"^''^ ^^^ ^"^^ail on each side. They are ffiC:i^:Lnfsr "^^' ^"^'^'^^ '^^^ ^"^^ y- -;! a tTee orTif tr^^ ^^f ^^^^^^ ^ '^^"^^' ^^P ^'^eam is to fell acr^'the sTreim '^tu^ ''^/' °" ^^' ^^''^' ^ ^^^^ 'hey faU nn^r. 7^ ? M • ^'V^ ^" ^^ y°" then flatten the top side- %rL t '*'^'' t""^ ^^T y^" *^^« * ^^^ good bridge^ ' Rafts, too, can be used. You build your raft alonSde the bank m the water if the river is shaUow; on the baK d^p t^othl n,f."f "^^.^^^^^^^.^ *^" *° '^^ down-stream end push How to Make a Tent Thr?w?''°1^ " '^"^ ^' "*^* ^'th <^^vas and scouts' staves Tn 5r P'^"'^ °" P*«* ^^^ ^h°^ tl»e diflferent stages 10 Make a Ladder with a Pole. — Tie firmlv stick.; nr t„ff« ^twigs, or straw, arcoss the pole at intei^ak to'io^ sC a pole can be made by tying several scouts' staves togrther How to Make a Boat 97 otl "pSJ^'S* \^^,J ^ " camp L«e." by Ha„.,.on otheMh^gfi"^."'?;'? "^I «j'«. ''^^L^' '"t, or boat, or a model t aSl'^L^S^S.*^ 'Srl^? model represent a foot of the real tW ""* "' a„gffiufc--rp.»-...'«. serve either as a rope or as a rope-ladder. How to Make a Boat From " Camp Life," by Hamflton Gibson Price w rHarr^r ^ Get two boards, A and B la tt^t uZ. ^^V^^s. (Harper.) f inch thick. Cut theXth i in fL t ^' ff ""'^"^ '"?^' *"<* Nail a plank (C) between tht^o%?i. (Seepage 99.) and^SS luTf .S\rnJ:-i-h-,- ^ ' blikV'^ two bow ends of A and^B by'^^^^^Sem into the stemU^d'Tnfs'SerpS ^^f ^^'^g.the™ to each end of the bothsKndstem^S! " '^ "''"^"« ^'^™ ^^' (E) on to the^bStom ^cLK' ^°'^' t'*^ ^•^'^ o'^ planks FF to form ^mt'^^oiab^unuSilTnTm^^^^^^^ V"^"« ^"^^ ^^rt-crtS~ b^t, rLchi^Ho a SeiX of^^^ °k ^^f^ '°u'^^ «^^ ^^ the supports toufeLts Put thf J".^^^ ''°'V the floor, to act as and'^^rew them to the sid4 ^^w"" ''''•'"« f^ '^^ '^^^'' pins to each side of ^e boS' (mWo^fr"" ""^ f T^ ^°°^^° out plank C, and yourloaTi^ ™^ '° ^°™ "^^'°^^- ^™ an inch up to a mUe or more. You ought, first of all, to know exactly what is l^nXr^ y^'^' ^e^ ^°^ '^' ^^^«^t^°^ y°^ thumbfand the tn?^ i;?;"' ?"?" 'i^'' ^^^ y°" ^t' ^^^ ^he length from one Jf^ ti* I !?K "."^^^ y?"' *™' stretched out to either side, and also the length of your feet; if you remember these accurately ful to*™f nTi ^ P '° ^°" in measuring things. Also it is ni'- onArh ''°*^^°'^ your staff, showing such measurements as one mch, ax mches, one foot, and one yard. These you can rneasure off with a tape measure before /ou use your st^, Sd they may come in very useful. ' Judging the distance of objects from you is gamed onlv bv prartice, and judging the distance of a joJmey isVnVraUy est^ mated by seemg how long you have beei travdling^ ani at^w^t In ».'. V ^° V' ^HPPosing you walk at the rate of four mSes an hour, if you have been walking for an hour and a half^you know that you have done about six miles. Distance can also be judged by sound; that is to say. if you see a gun fired m the distance, and you count the number o" seconds between the flash and the souSd of the explo^o^^h mgyou you will be able to teU how far off you are from theT^n m^^t?^'!"' '^' '^}' °^.3^5 yards in a secon^t^t if, ^ many yards as there are days in the year , A scout must also be abli to e:,timate heights, from a few mch« up to three thousand feet or more; tLt is to say h^ d"S' or thelLVh;^'"?^ ''\*'"?'' °' ^ ^^"«^' '"^^ ^°P^ ^f a thtch, or the he»i{ht of an en^bankmeat, of a house, tree of a grartised it tor a few trnies. but it is very difficult to tei:h it by an^unc'^'^tt^iT ^'''^. 1° ^}^^'' '^^^^^' ^^'^ ^ »«««r of an ounce, or a fish, or a potato of one pound, or a sack of bran from his appearance-these, again. arJonly leamedby pracdce but as a scout you should take care to leam them fo7ySS u^ yon should be able to judge numbers; that is toWvou should be able to tell at a glance Ibout how many p2>^e1S tea flock, how many marbles on a tray, and so on. These vou can practise for yourself at aU times in the street or fidA ^ I02 The Canadian Boy Scout tf«SP yaras distant, and so on in succession. At each noint each nair HHITS TO HfSTRUCTORS tng elementary engtneermg, etc., with a view to teaching ikThZ, If you do not know enough about it voumM «# w • j . " v>ooa, they can earn a good deal towards their funds. Judging Heights and Distances ,o^ ics and handiness with tods ^ elementary mechan- PKACnci should bt used r^^iTT™ 1 ^T"!^- '" '*" W3' (»*«* Peot to awid being the i^Zu^t '!'"'f'.'^ " J'» <" ten, and win a prize ^ " """"< <» fc tt, ./S*^:^^!*'*'^" -^ -«-'• ''-^. -*. Planhs ou, BOOKS TO READ r.y)'*lricrs's'Ter'^ '"'"''" ^"^."'■yR- Pocock 0. Mur- Pnce4S. nett rao^an/S) ^'' **'; "''^''<' S""^"- (Se.k;":S5" 0°' ^■^^P"^ '"'» Mechanism." Price 5. each, "How it Works," by Archibald Williams ^3te;"^:^,x^rer"ffirs son,S5')™*'"'''JH<^™"- Wce,s. (C. A. Fear- so:'. LSeSf"*' '" '^'«' °^^- ^"- »• (C. A. Pear- (sLfkL.'^S-:!,,^''^^" "^ T. H. Holding. Price js. t^gpn^iiipaS^ffi:''S''L»^r- *"^'- m^/Ti^TSLt, ^- G°""«»*- Price «. 6d. building; shoeS^Xt-S^tr " '^''' """^-^ ""'- I04 The Canadian Boy Scout PrS*„. "^T '*"" " *"* "' ^'~"°'y'" "y T. W. Corbia. CAMP FIRE YARN. No. 9 CAMPIRO Comfort in Camp Some people talk of " rouehiiiK " it in ramo tk are generally tenderfooK- »« ^ k i ^"P* ^'^^^^ P«>Ple L_^«_J ««80D«<3»CLI«88 IN DODIO A OCOO TOBM Tramping Camps ,05 fortable by r hundred little dodces For in«»»n^. ;* *u a good spot for it, where he is not Ukdy to be floodSouMf Ground good ram-proof hute, you need not have rentT' ^""^ ^^^ youeer^t^' S!^"''?" ^"^ «^^^ ^™*^ good camp-grounds if Smifi P ""^ "^^^^^ ^*^ *^^ available and batWnl^^ibll Trampinc Camps ^Mtead of a fixed camp, many scouts prefer a « tramping uutry you want to vait, and mark out from the map io6 The Canadian Boy Scout whereabouta you wiU halt for each night. You wiU find that about five miles a day is as much as you will want to do. ♦.„»f "kT**^***"*** ''^" ^° "***'* * baggage-barrow for carrying your tents, blankets, and waterproof sheets, etc. At the end d each day s march vou would get leave from a farmer to pitch your camp in his field, or get the use of his bam to sleep In - ipe- cuilly if the weather be wet. *^ ' ^ Boat Cmitinf Another enjoyable way of camping is to take a boat and ex- plore a nver, camping out in the same way as in a tramping camp. But m this case every member of the patrol must be able to boaT't • h " ^*'^ convenient to make your tent inside the Tent! With so many different kinds of camps, it depends upon which kind you choose before you know what kind of tent you will want For a standing camp, from which you don't mean to move, beU tents are useful, or huts can be made. Bell tents can be hired in almost any town for a smaU sum per week, or you can buy a second-hand one m good condition. You could probably let it out on hire to other patrols when not using it yourself, and so eet back your money on it. * Scouts' patrol tents also do very weU for camp, but you need a fp^^ri**' ""^ s^ves or poles for rigging them if you want to leave tne camp standing while you are out scouting. You can also make your own tents during the winter months - — and thus, perhaps, is the best way of all, as it comes cheapest in tne end. And if, while you are about it, you make one or two extra ones, you may be able to seU them at a good profit. Camp Equipment When you have decided what kind of camp you intend to have and whereabouts, your next point b to look to the equipment — that IS to say, what you wiU need in the way of buckets, brooms, tools, and so on. Here is a rough list of things that are useful m a standing camp, but they will not all be necessary in a bivouac or shifting camp: — For Tent. — Bucket, lantern, and candles, matches, maUet, tin basm, spde, axe, pick, hank of cord, flag, and pole-strap for hangmg things on. r- »- Camp Equipment 107 empty bottles for milk, bags for rusks, pitatoeS etc * '^' st^D fo^lS'nfr^- ~ ^^''"P'^^f «heet, two bUnkets. cord or strap for tying them up, straw mattress (to be made in camo — tmne and straw required), ration bags (one for sugar and te7one for pper and salt, one for flour and baking powder) »i.Y;i.^I!**^*^' ~ ^^^ ?^°"*' »" addition to the suit of clothinir l^itj '''*""?' '^°"'^ '''^' *° "^-"P the following hin« Old grealcoat or waterproof coat. •One j9annel shirt. One extra flannel shirt. One pair drawers. •Two pair socks or stockings. One vest. Flannels or sleeping suit. One pair stout walking boots or shoes. %)ne pair canvas shoes. O"- sweater or old jacket. Ouc pair bathing drawers. ♦Hairbrush. •Soap and towel. •Toothbrush. Two handkerchiefs. Personal Equipment. — Haversack, billy staff knifi. fnrU and spoon, matches, whisUe. portion of tent ' ^*'*' ^'''^' Food -Food is often a difl5culty. Though it mav seem ir^Xl ° * *^"^*rf«>t' «=o"ts know t^t neithTbrL nor T^t are wholy necessary to keep them in good condition. Per^Mnt Ln'^'^^i^™ "^.^J'^^" "y^"- Biscuits are good for S food' Sn^* 5f • '''"1 ""^ ^'^ ^°' ^™P ^ ^^^ the Boers and most ,vf^^i,^ I'- ^"^^ ^"y * 'tale loaf at the baker's, cut it ud mto thick shces or square " juiiks," and then bake th«e n «? wi^-?' '^' '^"" ^J°^^ ^ ^°t fi;e till they are quite Srd lite biscmts. They can then be carried in a snare havereack^^^^ io8 The Canadian Boy Scout coo^'??:^S'S tKn S^'^^r ^^^^^^ to Fruit is easy to stew anS gc^ToT^t ^^r«k ^"'J ^ «°?^ ^«^- very useful in camp and oHie nSJ^h T ? °^ '^r^^^'^'e are whole day on an army biscuit anrlTr f t^''* ^^^en gone a The amount of f^ tS^ ^^L^^^ Z^ chocolate. following list, wtnotV^r^rf C for ntr '^^".^^« You have to multiply this amount hvt£ ^^ for one day on:^X.*:i,'V»--^, H^., or pouter, , ,,, .,, pints. Butt^; , oi. Al4 r«,2Xi u"^' '^ °^- 'MiUc, 2 sins, flour, suet and so on ^ZS^ ^'^' ^^P^!' «™nts, rki- a boy, ai^d is ex^nXr ™' "* '^"»« " « ■>» good to Pitching Camp inchesdeepalLuSul7^,,&S''';X''•?^'*' '•■'?' comes on. This trenrh shm.!^ i ^"^ Settmg flooded if heavy rain a small hole the sLToFa teacun ^^^^^ water away downhilL Dig ing clothra^^ «.'"'-Se"'Si?'S»^ forbathinlU: scouts to keen their HrinUn!! ^^^^est care is always taken by it,tiL:s oTeSSottltrf ^^^^^^^ of them are poison^ ^me aJe nn. ^ °^ * ™croscope. Some poisonous ones are S^re ^ tL L ^°" "^""^ '"" ""^"t^^^ '^^^ before you drink any wlter anH *^^ "^7 ,\K^^^ ^^^^ ^11 *ny water, and the way to kill them is to boil Pitching Camp 109 let it boil fully forTauarter of in\ ^"'^i^'^'" '^-^ '' ^^'^ i>'it microbes, as they are^ c^JS Lf ""'l ^ ^^"^ ^"^^ '^«^'^^. " • boiling before they are klS^ "^ '°"«^' " ^ ''^' ^ '^^ of don't blow St7th^ tents C^w' ^f '^^'^^ ^^^'^ ^he fire page 114. ^^"^- Cooking-fires are described on tiSrircKn!'n?^raL^S^^^^^^ ^« »i!!P ^^e kitchen par- smells irise wh ct are ve^liJSv to\^;!f '?^u''. ^'^ ^°"^^t ^^^ it is being got ready for^ S ° re" k'^^^'^ ^'^^^ ^°°d ^^le scouts. ^ "'*'^' ^"^ '^ brings sickness to the all^n^^P ''^ camp-kitchen and ground round it very clean at th^JaiiX^lt ^offbi^L's :^^' ^^^-' -^ earth every night. *"^ ^" ^'^ ^e pit with the^'sc^Jfis ^ ^^a^'renTtoTrf '"^^ ^^^^ -'^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ °f should be two or fhre^ f^t Zn^.^A ^ •. '^'"'''- ^^^^ ^^^^^^ wide - so that the uS cTn ^S . T^^ ■''^"'''^ ~ °°e foot side. A thick sprLSg^?eTth sSufc^^^^^ °"' ^^' °" '^'^ and the whole tLch Sre ulfv fiuS? • ^ u*"""^ ^" ^^'er use, days' use. The cross Sr^n7 ^ '" "^^ ^^^ ^^er a few wlich scouts a^X3J^::^^ S^fT"'^ '°^ '"^"'^' ^^"^ Screen Screen MENCH-LATRINE, WITH SCREENS ACROSS small pi, of a KS, '^.^^5 ^"' '«1. ^™ys dig a ^ef-Iect of this not nnL moiT , *" ^^am after use. ma!. . farmeil and ando^S, dt-P^^^^ ^"^ ^'«> it theu- gro- 1 forToute toT?!f! disinclined to give the use of forget it, ..uute' "^P °" ^-^ ^° ^^••l^ over. So don't iio The Canadian Boy Scout Camp Routine I ^^IZ'^uL^^. W reached me a, to wh.. teU you whLf^ Si?' !" t ^f"' ' "^"t ='« » no ■ him in UleBoy S^u a^alfrn ~7f ' S"7 '^ ■"> «»» '"^ Note to Parents 112 The Canadian Boy Scout themselves look upon it with misgiving as possibly likely to be too rough and risky for their boys; but when they see them return well set up and full of health and happiness outwardly, and morally improved in the points of practical manliness and comradeship, they cannot fail to appreciate the good which comes from such an outing. I sincerely hope, therefore, that no obstacle may be placed in the way of the boys taking their holiday on the lines suggested. Camp Bed$ There are many ways of making a comfortable bed in camp, but always, if possible, have some kind of covering over the ground between your body and the earth, especially after wet weather. Cut grass or straw or ferns are very good things to lay down thickly where you are going to lie, but if you cannot get any of these and are obliged to lie on the ground, do not forget before Ijang down to make a small hole about the size of a teacup in which your hip joint will rest when you are lying on your side; it makes all the diflference for sleeping comfortably. A very comfortable bed, almost a spring mattress, is made by cutting a large number of tips of branches of the balsam-fir and laying them closely in layers overlapping each other, like shingles on a roof, so that M'hen you lie down on them they form a comfortable and springy couch. Remember when sleeping in camp the secret of keeping warm is to have as many blankets underneath you as you have above you. If a patrol were sleeping round a fire, you would all lie with your feet towards it like the spokes of a wheel. If your blankets do not keep you sufficiently warm, put straw or ferns over yourselves, and newspapers, if you have them. It is also a good idea in cold weather, if you have not sufficiently warm clothing, to put a newspaper imder your coat or waistcoat up your back and round your body; it will be as good as an over- coat in giving you extra warmth. BSD To make a bed, cut four poles — two of seven feet, two of three — lay them on the ground, ao as to form ^e edges. Camp Beds. 115 ™de;^th. outside ones underiapp.^' 2%^ '^o^L'^JS, 1 wMr^;LTrru^.r;aC,"^r r- "* Camp candlesticks can be made by beAdinfa Wt of wire intn orTv tS-"^ T"«' ^f ^y ^^"« ^ ^^«^t «SSf stuck L The wa 1 or by sticking the candle upright in ?. lump of clay or in aSe ft ^ CAMP CANOUSnCKS then standing it in the embers of the fire tiU it sets hnt an^ cracks at the water-level. Or it can be dL by pSg a n£e breSs n^dS off^t^ * J?^ ^* '°""^ ^^« bottle, which then breaks neaUy off with a blow, or on being immersed in cold ^Cmp forks can also be made out of wirts sharpened at the . It is something to know how to sit down ma wet camp. You " squat " instead of sitting Natives m India squat on their S^h ?/. "^ * ''"^^ ^"^y' '^ yo" have not done it as a child- CAHP lOUC 114 The Canadian Boy Scout Boers and other camp men squat on one heel. It is a little tiring at first. Buttons are always being lost in camp, and it adds greatly to your comfort to know how to make buttons out of bootlaces or strmg. This is shown on page 244. Scouts should also be able to carve collar studs out of wood, bone, or horn. A great secret of sleeping comfortably in camp is to have a canvas bag about two feet long by one foot wide, into which you pack odds and ends — or carry empty, and fill up with grass or underclothing to form your pillow at night. Camp Fires -— The Right Way of MtUng Them Before lighting your fire remember always to do as every back- woodsman does, and that is to cut away or bum all ferns l^ves, grass, etc., round the fire, to prevent its setting light to the surrounding grass o* bush. Many bad bush-fires have been caused by, young tenderfoots foolLig about with blazes which they unagined to be camp fires. In bunung the grass for this purpose, or " ring-bunung," as it is called, bum only a Uttle at a tune, and have branches of trees or old sacks ready with which you can beat it out again at once when it has gone far enough Scouts should always be on the lookout to beat out a bush- tire or a praine-fire that has been accidentally started at anv time, as a good tum " to the owner of the land or to people who may have herds and crops in danger. It is no use to leam how to light a fire by hearsay; the only way IS to pay attention to the instmctions given you, and then practise laying and lighting a fire yourself. In the book called " Two Little Savages," instmctions for laymg a fire are given in the following rhyme: — " Sf^ * ^^^ °^ birch-bark as dry as it can be. Then some twigs of soft wood dead from off a tree. Last of all some pine knots to make a kettle foam, And there's a fire to make you think you're sitting right at home." Remember to begin vour fire with a smaU amount of very smaU chips or twigs of reaUy dry, dead wood Ughtly heaped together, and a htUe straw or paper to ignite it; about this should^ be put htUe sticks leaning together in the shape of a pyramid and above this bigger sticks similarly standing on end. When the fire IS weU alight bigger sticks can be^ed, and STAX mUE HEADY TO UOBT Camp Fires u^ finaUy lo^ of wood. A great thing for a cooking-fire is to get a good pUe of red-hot wood ashes, and if you use three large logs, they should be , j u^ turcc placed lying on the ground, star-shaped, like the spokes of a wheel, with their ends centred in the fire. A fire made in this way need never go out, for as the logs burn away you keep pushing them towards the centre of the fire, always making fresh red-hot ashes there. This makes a good cooking-fire, and also one which ^yes very httle flame or smoke for the enemy to detect from a distance. To leave your fire alight at night, cover it over with a heap of ashes, and it will smoulder all night ready for early use in the morning, when you can easily blow it into a glow. If you want to keep a fire going all night to show or to warm you, put good-sized logs end to end star-shaped — and one long one reaching to your hand, so that you can push it in, from time to time, to the centre, without the trouble of getting up to stoke the fire. Above all things be careful, as all real backwoodsmen are, to put out every spark of your fire before leaving camp. If coals or wood are difficult to get for maWng fires at home don t forget that old boots, which you often find lying about on dust-heaps, make very good fuel. You can do a good turn to any poor old woman in winter time by collecting old boots and giving them to her for firing. Here is a good way to make a cooking-fire. Drive two stout stakes into the ground about four feet apart, both leaning a bit backwards. Cut down a young tree with a trunk some fifteen feet high and ten inches thick; chop it into five-foot lengths; lay three logs, one on top of another, leaning against the upright stakes. This forms the back of your fire- place. Two short logs are then laid as fire-dogs, and a log laid across them as front bar of the fire. Inside this " grate " you build a pyramid-shaped fire, which then gives out great heat The "grate" must, of course, be built so that it faces the wind. CAMP GKATK i i ii6 The Canadian Boy Scout m J^Sifu "^^"i *'^''' ? *^"P ^«' and can be made from a ,Whlhf^«; ^^-^ '°"«^. ^*^' a^"' '°"' f«et long and?ne hlVn^c Shave It away in the middle to about half its proj^r thickness, and put this part into the hot embers of the fire foVa I^l/!!°"'^°4.1' """f ^""^ ^^* '^^^ °^" t'U the two ends come together. Then flatten away the insid. edges of the ends so tK they have a better grip, and there are your tongs .««nJ't^"' !f ^'^^."^^1 fo'- keeping the camp clean, and can ea^ly be made with a few sprigs of birch bound tightly round a Drying Clothes tJjZ^^ often get wet through on service, and you will see tenderfoots remaimng m their wet clothes until they eet drv t^T' J'V^^^^''^ '^°'^'* ^° ^' a^ that is.the way to catdi fever and get ill. When you are wet, take the first opportunity of S^JJl""' ^l'^°^?«l°^ and drying them, eveS though you TtL. tT ^'^^'-.^^^fh^ to put on, as happened to me many H^w' A^ ^^ naked under a wagon while my one suit of clothes was drying over a fire. The way to dry cbthes over a fire is to make a fire of hot ashes, and then bmld a small beehive- shaped cage of sticks over the fire, and then hang your clothes all over this cage, and they wiU very quickly dry. Also in hot weather it is dangerous to sit in youY clothes wSeJ; th^^kte go wet from your perspiration. On the west coast of Africa I al- tlTr^f"^ * 'P*7 '^•'*' ^"8^"^ ^°^ 'ny back, with the sleeves tied round my neck; so soon as I halted I would take oflF the wet ouHn tllfc '^^^''"^' f ^ P"t on the dry, which had been hanging ^Im^t^ ^ °" ""T ^^^^- ?y ^^^ "^^ans I never got fever when almost every one else went down with it. Tidiness onh?l?TT^°"°-'* !^"*^ ^^ ^" ^"^^ ^ J^^Pt Clean and tidy, not ,f vn., L ^^ ^'^'^ e'^*' ^° ^^^P ^^ away, but also because thZ^^ ^""l^ ^- *°°'^'' P^^^^' and leave an untidy ground SSsC/' ^r.t? "'"'^ ^'"P^'^*"' information to the enemy s scouts. For this reason scouts are always tidy, whether io,^!^ °' ''°'', ^l^ "?*"^'" °^ ^abit. If you are not tidy at home, you won't be tidy in camp; and if you're not tidy in camp, you wiU be only a tenderfoot and no scout. A scout IS tidy also in his tent, bunk, or room, because he may yet be suddenly caUed upon to go off on an alarm, or something Camp Orders 117 unexpected; and if i e does not know exactly where to lay his hand on his things, he will be a long time in turning out, especially If caUed up in the middle of the night. So on going to bed. even when at home, practise the habit of folding up your clothes and puttmg them where you can at once find them in . he dark, and get into them qmckly. SHOE LACED IN THE SCOUT's WAV One end of the lace is Imolled under the lowest outside hole, and the lace is brouthl U^idsOU. ''*«*^ ^' "-^ '*''«=« « '*« A"-' w«cA lies underneath the shoe and A scout even ties his shoe-laces neatly — in fact, they are not tied, but are woven through the eyelet holes from the top of the boot downwards, and so need no tying. HniTS TO IRSTRUCTORS CAMP ORDERS In going into camp it is essential to have a few ''Standing Orders published, which can be added to from time to time if necessary These should be carefully explained to patrol leaders, who should then be held fully responsible thai their scouts carry them out exactly. ^ Such orders might point out that each patrol wUl camp separately from the oilier s, and there will be a comparison between the respec- tive cleanltness and good order of tents and surrounding ground Each patrol usually has a tent to itself, well away from any I li } 1!, Ii8 The Canadian Boy Scout I it Others, but within coil of the scoutmaster's tent. The patrol leader Pfirol leaders to report on the good i.ork or otherwise of their scolds whtchwUl be recorded in the scoutmaster's book ofVaTs Rest ttme for one hour and a half in middle of day Bathtng under strict supervision to prevent non-swimmers getting tnto dangerous water. 'fmmmers "Bathing picket of two good swimmers wUl be on duty whUe bathing ts going on and ready to help any boy in distress This picket will be tn the boat (undressed) with {reatcoats on They Z.t i^r^'r ^'^^ '*f ""^- ^** observance of this ruU hds saved the life of more than one scout already Orders as to what is to be done in case of fire alarm Orders as to boundaries of grounds to be worked over, damages to fences, property, good drinking-water, etc. (images Practices 2 fT°6 k^^r^l^fn^K^^''- 7 ^'"^' ? ""^^ (^) o^ fi^« stakes, of 6 ft ;;> ,^^ 'n the ground; opposite to them, at a distance oi & tt. to 7 ft., dnve in a row of two and a crossbar or five CAMP LOOM, TOR MAKING MATS AND MATIHISSES e^Wtl2; • XT " * ''°'"'* ""l gardener's twine to the head of ?ake^No"l^°H " T'-f]^ ''?^^ '^ *° ^« correspondii ?ion nMt K I ^^ 'It^^ '^ ^^'^ ^^^'^' '^^'^ ^^ the cantiniu^ tion of It back over No. i row for some 5 ft. extra, and fastest Camp Cooking 119 to a loose crossbar or " beam " at exactly the same distances apart from the next cord as it stands at the stakes. This beam IS then moved up and down at slow intervals by one scout, while the remainder lay bundles of fern or straw, etc., in layers, alter- nately under and over the stretched strings, which are thus bound in by the rising or falling on to them. If in camp, practise making different kinds of beds. If indoors, make camp candlesticks, lamps, forks, tongs, but- tons, brooms. If outdoors, practise laying and lighting fires. Make scouts lace shoes neatly on the principle given. i CAMP FIRE YARN. No- lO, CAMP COOKIHO Cooking — Bread-making — Cattle-driving — Cleanliness — Hints — Camp games. Cookiiig Every scout must, of course, know how to cook his own meat and vegetables, and to make bread for himself, without regular cooking utensils. For boiling water a scout would usually have his tin " billy," and in that he can boil vegetables or stew his meat; but often he will want it for drinking, and will cook his meat in some other way. This would usually be done by stick- ing It on sharp sticks and hanging it close to the fire, so that It gets broiled; or the lid of an old biscuit tin can be used as a kind of frying-pan. Put grease or water in it to prevent the meat getting burnt before it is cooked. Meat can also be wrapped in a few sheets of wet paper, or in a coating of clay, and put in the red-hot embers of the fire, where It will cook itself. Birds and fish can also be cooked in this manner, and there is no need to pluck the bird before doing so If you use clay, as the feathers will stick to the clay when it hardens in the heat, and when you break it open the bird will come out cooked, without its feathers, like the kernel out of a nutshell. Another way is to clean out the inside of the bird, get a pebble about the size of its inside, and heat it till nearly red-hot; place It inside the bird, and put the bird on a gridiron, or on a wooden spit over the fire. rif 120 The Canadian Boy Scout SI"?, do .'STdl^ti'whir'l'rf fn *,"" "-'-O '^"•O- called my beautiful «ud a"wJf~""' they noticed it directly, me eat it I „ev„ made the mistake^i"'* ' "' ""'' ""* the'^ro^te;S'fror„';;i;^4"^."?"-"''''<>» stand it on the ground amon/tL J . l'*" " ^*''*'")' ^^ ^"er, rig up a trianglf orthr^S^S-n ' W "'"^" «^the fire; or els^ together at the top, and^aKrtSl^.T ^^^■^''' ^>^"« ^^em the poles. But in m^kinrth "s^rir^w^ ^ T\°' ^''^'" ^^"^ scout in camp, use poplar sticks for'SJ- k"°*' '^ ^''"^ '« ^" "'^ are easy to cut and fn" fir ,Vf J?^ *^'' '^"f"^' ^'though the/ have a fancy that they briniLdf„?tTlK' "'^.-(^^hioned scouts kind of woid will do better *° '^' '°°'''"«- ^ny ether twiti: sis^.\'j^krsSn? "^rlzi'r'-'j' '' -^« -^^ top, about six feet long, sGy'spLl^'^dlr^^^^^^^^^^^^ CAMP KITCBEN Sg^eirdlrwas z,T' '"" "■«'■' '"*« « *= »*- - 'he in* toward, the S Uv vouffi '"'?■ °"^.""' °' '^^ "ne fac- twoIir.es,a„dp„taU^^/7.S:?/^^S^„^|-nJhe Bread-making 121 first two rows — so that a small tunnel is made by the " hillic;, " In the windward end of this tunnel start your fire; the draught will <»rry Us heat along the tunnel, and this will heat all the pots The fire should be kept up with s-..all split chunks of wood When boihng a pot of water .n the fire do not jam the lid on too hrmly, as, when the steam forms inside the jwt, it must have some means of escape, or it will burst the pot. To find out when the water is beginning to Iwil, you need not take off the lid and look, but just hold the end of a stick or knife etc., to the pot, and if the water is boiling you will feel it trem- bling. Kabobs. — Cut your meat up into a slice about half or three- quarters of an inch Ihick; cut this up into small pieces abf-jt one to one and a half inches across. String a lot of these chunks on to a stick or iron rod, and plant it in front of the fire, or suspend It over the hot embers for a few minutes till the meat is roasted. Hunter's Stew. — Chop your meat into small chunks about an inch or one and a half inches square. Scrape and chop up any vegetables, such as potatoes, carrots onions, etc., and put them into your " billy." Add clean water or soup till it is half full. Mi.x some flour, salt, r.nd pepper together, and rub your .neat well in it, and put this in the " billy." There should be enough water just to cover the food — no more. Let the " billy " stand in the embers and simmer for about one hour and a quarter. The potatoes take longest to cook. When these are soft (which you try with a fork) enough not to lift out, the whole stew is cooked. Bread-making " The three B's of life in camp are the ability to cook ban- nocks, beans, and bacon." To make bread, or bannocks, the usual way is for a scout to take off his coat, spread it on the ground, with the inside upper- most (so that any mess he makes in it will not show outwardly when he wears his coat afterwards^ Then he washes his hands thoroughly. Then he makes a pile of flour on the coat, and scoops out the centre until it forms a cup for the water, which he then pours in; he then mixes the dough with a pinch or two of salt, and of baking powder or of Eno's Fruit Salt, and kneads and nuxes it well together until it forms a lump of well-mixed 122 The Canadian Boy Scout ?o"ptenT'tSd^^h\tLu,;jt ,t ^r"^^.-- ^« hands into the shape of a tgrb^^l^^o.^e^^^^^^ b'^^ '' ^"^ "^^- '' of The^'eronVliSe an^^nTheX '*^' ^^5?V°^ ^^P^ P^^t his dough, and piles hATs o2l1t^3°,^t^ [ fie "^^ P/"^ ^^Only smaU loaves, or bannocks, like l^ns' 'Z be'^adSkis by'u:"i aro^iUx:?ar:^^'oM *°.^ -^^' «^h- the fire and piUng fire d? ovS it n^K^""' T-^ P"'^^« ^^ '"to lighting a fire inside it and th/n ' i? ^^ '"^^^""S * <^lay oven, out the fire and put^ Se Sou^fc "" well heated,'^raking entrance tightly^Su the bread Sukej "^^ '^"''^^ "P '^^ it.lndt;tTiir theTre^ Takfa^iotT? ^^^, !l^^ -^' P^^' two inches wide and lulf an inch mT ^"5 ?^ ^^"^^^ ^^"t the club; then plant the club clotet^S^e Z^ 'a ^f^ /own a double handful of floXr i^^rrf'!rK'' "5"^ "t":^* ^^^ °"t with meat, a spoonful of sairon^of^n^r '^^^^ ? ^^'^' ^ ^t of mg-powder, and a hanctf dof cK^Jr tea T??"' ??" ^^ ^^^■ watch a tenderfoot get this ration ^Hcit f '^ ''^'h^'' ^^ ^ to his bivouac. ^'''^ ^ h°^ he carries it away How would you do it? and cany that in onl hand the hrtV^?-""..""" J™" •«'. and the coffee in the oK °">«f m the other hand, ha™?;!^";^^"^"?-? r^> -^ y°- ^^nerany are, you two hands, it^ifTiSl^SJl*' *""' "^^ ^°" '^^'^ ""'y shirt-tails or pockeT-hrndSrchwT^r.t""*".""' »' bus of into one he rate the flo^SHK:i,° °"«^^•«^• '-"nries; and coff.andsukint5r3lS'sa^t^^~' '"•» "''• = "^ .o^7ch"te H^wl^^uS' - ^- - ^ -^ve bread in one minute? '^ "^"^ "' "•'^^ »>" «<>" into Cattle-driving and Slaughtering 123 Catde-driving and Slaughtering Before you cook your hare you've got to catch him. So with mutton or beef - you have to bring L sheep or oxTo the pl^e where you want him. Then you &ve to kill him and cut Wm up before you can cook him and eat him o^XheStotrthe^J:/°^^^^^°"'^^ "'"^^'^^ - ^-^ thf^Srifl^J^l 'fl^r^^ ''P '°^ ^"^^ together, so that those in the middle of the flock soon get half suffocated in dust and heat 5ril?tnV^'^ *^'- .^4^ ^'^^y^' ^^^«f°^«. advisable for one dnver to keep moving m the centre of the flock to make an occa sional opening for air, and it keeps the whole flock Sng better If you come o an obstacle like a fence or wall with sheepf Wt one Scouts should also know how to kill and cut up their cattle. Cattle are generaUy poleaxed, or a spike is driven into the forehead with a mallet, or a shot or blank cartridge is fiml i^Vo SL-IhI'^k' °' * ^^^' '^ ^^^ ^ d"^«'^ i^to the spine S ^1 ^^*^°"^' the animal's head having first been secuJefy tied down to a cart-wheel or fence. c^urciy Sheep are generaUy killed either by being laid on the back aiid having the head drawn back aid threat cut ^th a big te ^dg^'oL'^^r'" "" ^^ ^°^^^ ^^^ ^ --»- - If you are a beginner in slaughtering with the knife, it is some- times useful first to drop the animal insensible by a heawZw SL ll^fL^'u^^^.*^^ * felling-axe on the top of tiJhead th^i^fi '?? ^"^ ^! ^^ ^^°"^d ^^" be gutt^ by havTng S^L^k^t °^'' "^^ ^''^^ "^^"^ °"'' "^" and WdTe^ H^Ii t^ '^! beast lay the carcass on its back ^nd sUt the skin tTL S .f T ""? ^ ?^^ ^«' sl't "P the inside of the 1^ ?he lK?v^/ '^ °ff'.i^«lpi°,« \t with the knife where it sticksTo tone """^ ^''^ ^^ °'^^"' ^^'^ t° t^* back- hv^wTf "^^ * sheep the carcass should be securely hung up an^*^""^ ^T' te'^'/ft*'- String round the head and l^and down the centre, the Qeec^ can be pulled off Uke an ovei^t The carcass is spht m half in the case of a big beast- with a ■ la 124 The Canadian Boy Scout if! Cleanliness One thing to remember in camp is that if you eet sick vn., »« coo|^^t,rSS.=S%'tT.^„^';'. - clean y^ H J»S are most dangeroi^, because they ca?ry about seeds of buned, and not scattered Soit aU ^ O^V^ T,^ leaders must be very careful to see that Sis b J^"' d™""' Efl^orwa~tte33£^ Camp Games 125 HDITS TO nrSTRUCTORS Practise mixing dough and baking; it is useful. If i,ossible Gti scouts to make their own linen ration bags cJkZ 'Z '^- """ '" '^'- ^ -*' *" "«" >' -«' Camp Games BasebaU football, basketbaU, which is oracticallv fnothnii Tfor tS lame ^ ''^ ^°""^ °'" ^°*^«^ °^ ^^^^^ will. clubs of straw rope twisted, with which the^t^toTiSt^ balloon while he is outside the base Thp hpnr >,« • i ckb, with which he knocks offVeTunteV h^s" ^^e\at"rt' T^t^^T^^ SL ^ «°^ '-^^ '- introdudng'sti;^ the^So'foe'^^n?' '"'"" P^y^' ?^' ^-^ »^ Performed round soLS ♦ .^^ ''^^^ "^"^ ^°"^^ ^ made to contribute somethmg to the programme, whether he thinks he is a oer fonner or not. A different patrol may be toK for e^ch „S[t" ^r^Urf^r^nr'' ^^^ ^^ ^^«™--^ ^^^ ^^^^t- BOOKS TO HEAD N^^^'^^ko'"'"'''"""""^- "^"5'- (f ""^t "d Stream. ^" AcUve S«^a, Pccket Book," by U. B. StewMt Price CHAPTER IV TRACKING Hnrrs to irstructors /«j/r«rfwn m /Ae art of observation and deduction is diffituU tchy down tn black and white. It must be taught by prS On, can gtve only a few instances and hints, the reft depe^s u^ your own powers of imagination and local circumstances ^ iJZ,''^^'^r*^' -^ ^^ ^'^ "-^ ofom-o/wn and dedi*ction to the young cUtzen ts great. Children are proverbially oukk in Observation is, in fact, a habUto which a boy has to be trained 1nf]rr:tt;^2Te^^'^'''' ^ ^"^ ^^^^*''^^- '^ ^- iJuiZS*^' oiwmrfiVm and deduction have been made habitual gJ!!^^'''^'''^'^^*''^^^^^°P'**^<>J"<=f*^^,T^.' ^y ^ ^^''' ^law, and on the other Je found a single black ha r sticking to the bark of", tl^ u- u told him that a bear had rubbe3^!glst it ^ °^ " ''''' ''^''^ «,Wif u ■ '""'^ iinportant things that a scout has to learn whether he is a war scout or a peace scout or a hunJer is L S nothtng escape his attention; he must notice sm Joints and !S?'/"? *?'" "^^^^ °^' ^« •"waning of them butTtakes a good deal of practice before a tenderfSot can get into the habit of reaUy notmg everything and letting nothinVe^cape 4 ev^' d t ^"""^ ^"'' ^ ^^" ^" ^ ^°^ ^ in the co^ti^ '^^• And m the same way you should notice any stranee sound nr any pecuhar smeU and think for yourself wha ft may mean '^S^S'^H^ti't'T) r ^'°^^^ " ^^^ ''you wai have veTlitTle of a Ltt'^TiUT^acg:?^ '''' - ^°" ^' ''^^ - ^ 128 The Canadian Boy Scout whether that thing is far away in the distance or close by under his feet. If you go out with a really trained scout, you will see that his eyes are constantly moving, looking out in every direction, near and far, noticing everything that is going on, just from habit, not because he wants to show oflf how much he notices. I was walking with one the other day in Hyde Park in London. He presently remarked, " That horse is going a little lame " — there was no horse near us, but 1 found he was looking at one far away across the Serpentine; the next moment he picked up a peculiar button lying by the path. His eyes, you see, were looking both far away and near. In the streets of a strange town a scout will notice his way by the principal buildings and side-streets, and in any case he will notice what shops he passes and what is in their windows; also what vehicles pass him and such details as whether the horses' harness and shoes are all right; and most especially what people he passes, what their faces are like, their dress, their boots, and their way of walking, so that if, for instance, he should be asked by a policeman, " Have you seen a man with dark overhanging eyebrows, dressed in a blue suit, going down this street? " he should be able to ^ve some such answer as " Yes — he was walk- ing a little lame with the right foot, wore peculiar looking boots, was carrying a parcel in his hand; he turned down Gold Street, the second turning on the left from here, about three minutes ago." Infohnation of that kind has often been of the greatest value in tracing out a criminal, but so many people go along with their eyes shut and never notice things. In the story of " Kim," by Rudyard Kipling, there is an ac- count of two boys being taught " observation " in order to become detectives, or scouts, by means of a game in which a trayful of small objects was shown to them for a minute and was then covered over and they had to describe all the things on it from memory. We will have that game, as it is excellent practice for scouts. There was a revolutionary society in Italy called the Ca- morra, who used to train their boys to be quick at noticing and remembering things. When walking through the streets of the city, the Camorrist would suddenly stop and ask his boy — " How was the woman dressed who sat at the door of the fourth house on the right in the last street? " or, " WTxat were the two men talking about whom we met at the comer of the last street Details of People 129 «d wto is the wida. of iU^r-lc^a;?"' ^' ^^ phone, ambulance station etc ' *^'®' al.S'.Kg^'lf t^if^if,'^- *» 8r»u»e i^y s^So'^'ot hta' '~'' " '™'- I30 The Canadian Boy Scout Close observation of people and ability to read their character and their thoughts are of immense value in trade and commerce, especially for a clerk or salesman in persuading people to buy goods, or in detecting would-be swindler^. It is said that you can tell a man's character from the way he wears his hat. If it is slightly on one side, the wearer is good- natured; if it is worn very much on one side, he is a swaggerer; if on the back of his head, he is bad at paying his debts; if worn straight on the top, he is probably honest but very dull. The way a man, or a woman, walks is often . good guide to character — witness the fussy, swaggering little man paddUng along with short steps with much arm-action; the nervous man's hurried, jerky stride; the slow slouch of the loafer; the smooth, quick, and silent step of the scout, and so on. I was once accused of mistrusting men with waxed mustaches. Well, so, to a certain extent, I do. It often means vanity, and sometimes drink. Certainly the lock of hair which some lads wear on their fore- head is a sure sign of silliness. The shape of the face gives a good guide to the man's character. Perhaps you can tell the characters of these gentlemen? Practise Observation A well-known detective, Mr. Justin Chevasse, describes how, with a little practice in observation, you can tell pretty accurately a man's character from his dress. The boots are very generally the best test of all the details of clothing. I was with a lady the other day in the country, and a young lady was walking just in front of us. '' I wonder who she is? " said my friend. " Well," I said, " I should be incUned to Observation 131 say I wonder whose maid she is." The girl was very well dressed, but when I saw her boots I guessed that the dress had belonged to some one else, had been given to her and refitted by herself — but that as regards boots she felt more comfortable in her own She went up to the house at which we were staying — to the servants' entrance — and we found that she was the maid of one of the ladies staying there. I was speaking with a detective not long ago about a gentle- man we had both been talking to, and we were trying to make out his character. I remarked, " WeU, at any rate, he is a fisherman ; but my companion could not see why — but then he was not a fisherman himself. I had noticed a lot of Uttle tufts 01 doth sticking up on the left cuff of his coat. A good many fishermen, when they take their flies off the line, stick them into their cap to dry; others stick them into their sleeve. When dry they puU them out, which often tears a thread or two of the cloth. It is an amusing practice when you are in a railway train or a street car with other people to look only at their feet and guess, without looking any higher, what sort of people they are, old or young well-to-do or poor, fat or thin, and so on, and then look up and see how near you have been to the truth. Mr. Nat Goodwin, the American actor, once described to me how he went to see a balloon ascent at a time when he happened to be suffering from a stiff neck. He was able only to look down instead of up, and he could see only the feet of the people round him in the crowd. So he chose among the feet those that he felt sure belonged to an affable, kind-hearted man, who would de- scribe to him what the balloon was doing. I once was able to be of service to a lady who was in poor arcumstances as I guessed it from noticing, while walking behind her, that though she was well dressed the soles of her shoes were in the last stage of disrepair. I don't suppose she ever knew how I guessed that she was in a bad way But It IS surprising how much of the sole of the boot you can see when behind a person walking — and it is equaUy surprising how much meaning you can read from that boot. It is said that to wear out soles and heels equaUy is to give evidence of business capaaty and honesty; to wear your heels down on the outside means that you are a man of imagination and love of adventure- but heels worn down on the inside signify weakness and indeci- sion of character, and this last sign is more infallible in the case of man than in that of woman. 132 The Canadian Boy Scout 11 Remember how " Sherlock Holmes " met a stranger and no- ticed that he was looking fairly well-to-do, in new clothes with a mournmg band on his sleeve, with a soldierly bearing, and a sailor s way of walking, sunburnt, with tattoo marks on his hands and he was carrying some children's toys in his hand. What should you have supposed that man to be? Well, Sherlock Holmes guessed, correctly, that he had lately retired from the Royal Mannes as a Sergeant, and his wife had died, and he had some small children at home. "Sign" Round « Dead Body ♦ ? ??? ^PPf ^ *° ^™® ®' y®" '^t one day you will be the first to find the dead body of a man, in which case you will remember that It IS your duty to examine and note down the smallest signs that are to be seen on and near the body before it is moved or the ground disturbed and trampled down. Besides noticing the exact position of the body (which should, if possible, be photo- graphed exactly as found) the ground all round should be very caref uUy exammed — without treading on it yourself more than is absolutely necessary , for fear of spoiUng existing tracks. If you can also draw a- little map of how the body lay and where the signs round it were, it might be of value. Twice, lately, bodies have been found which were at first sud- posed to be those of people who had hanged themselves; but close examination of the ground round them— in one case some torn twigs and trampled grass, and in the other a crumpled ^^ T showed that murder had been committed, and that the bodies had been hung after death to make it appear as thoueh they had committed suicide. Finger-marks should especiaUy be looked for on any likely articles, and if they do not correspond to those of the murdered man, they may be those of his murderer, who could then be identified by comparing the impression with his fingers. Such a case occurred m India, where a man was found murdered and a bloody finger-mark on his clothes. The owner of the finger- mark was found, tried, and convicted. Dr. Gross relates the story of a learned old gentleman who WM found dead m his bedroom with a wound in his forehead and another m his left temple. Veiy often, after a murder, the murderer, with his hands bloody from the deed and running away, may catch hold of the door, or a jug of water to wash his hands. ' Details in the Country 133 mi^'o^f fh'^ w^'^f "TP^P^' 'y*"« °« ^^^ table had the manu ol three blood-stained fingers on it by \ht ^Uce^ '*"* "^'^"^ °^" ""^ suspected, and was arrested But careful examination of the room and the prints of the te'Tf '"k^°^'^ '^' ^^« °'^ gentleman had been taken il in ieL tt rK^"^ ^°' ""' °^ ^ '° 8^^ ^'"^ '""licine. but get nS near the tab e a new spasm seized him and he fell striWn,. hU head violently against the comer of the table and 3 the wound on his temple, which just fitted the comer InT^ing to f nd ZaI^^ T^' ¥i °' '^^ '^^^^ ^"d the ne wspapeTon it and had made the bloody finger-marks on the newspaper in doin« o"n thr;:st'of "^^t^T ^«^' ^""^« ^^ ^-^ ' --^' Tmf The finger-marks were compared with the dead man's fineers and were found to be exactly the same. Well, yoS donS two nien m 64.000,000,000,000 with the same paUem on the ^nH t°K 'i""'^^"^^^- So it was evident there had £n no murder and the dwd man's son was released as innocent. ' Neai ft ^Vi'"^ ^ ?^^? * t*'^*'" ^^« ^°"nd murdered. vU^l Th^U^fJ"^"^^ * cigar-holder with an amber mouth- kIm ■• tr^ mouthpiece was of peculiar shape, and could be mti V^f "'th'^ °"^^^ r P?^'^^°"' and^'h^S two ttS . The t^th of the murdered man were quite regular so the agar-holder was evidently not his. But Ws nephew had^ifh which corresponded to the marks on the mouthSecr L he was tnliet:^ ^""'^^ P^-^ -- ^P -^ ^ho^ed^S^tT " rin^Z^^ T:^ K ''.^^^ock Holmes^ Memoirs " called The Resident Patient," in which a man was found haneZ and was considered to be a suicide tUl Sherlock HolZ ca^in and showed various signs, such as cigar ends bitten by dmrent k%^ ^'^ "^ '^'^ ^"^"^ '' *^ ^^ ««^ f^ hanged Details in the Coimtcy nK?Ir" Jf\»'l.the country you sVuld notice landmarks, that is objects which help you to find your way or prevent you Sttine ^illSSLf blln^S"' ^1^' '^'"'^ towers,^and^nearer oKsu^ as peculiar bmldmgs, trees, gates, rocks, etc. 134 The Canadian Boy Scout And remember in noticing such landmarks that you may want t^ ^^A '^^^''^^K* of them someday for telling some one else how to find his way, so you must notice them pretty closely so as to be able to describe them unmistakably and in their proper order. You must noUce and remember every by-road and foot- Then you must also notice smaller signs, such as birds get- ting up and flying hurriedly, which means somebody or some ammal is there; dust shows animals, men, or vehicles mov- ing. Oi course, when in the country you should notice, just as much S,11 r'^'/''" P^^'i^r^y ^^^ carefully - how they arc dressed, Th^r fi^l r "^ ^'i^' ^"/ ^^^'' ^^y °f ^^"'»"S, and examine their footmarks -and jot down a sketch of them in your note- book, so that you would know the footmark again if you found it somewhere else (as the shepherd boy did in the story at the beginning of this book). ^ hirdJ'^wTlIu ^l' ^'f^r 'H^ '"' footmarks of men, animals, birds, wheels, etc., for from these you can read the most im- Kf<^ ffonnation, as Captain d'Artagnan did in the story of the secret duel, m my " Yams for Boy Scouts," is This track-reading is of such importance that I shaU give you a lecture on that subject by itself. Usiiig your Bye* Let nothing be too small for your notice; a button, a match, a agar ash, a feather, or a leaf might be of great importance. Remember too that there are c number of people now who wear the Scouts' Badge of Thanks, and it wouldlSa great dis grace to a scout if he let one of these people pass him without notiang it, and asking if he could be of any service .n^ kT^JT'^ ^"^^ "°' °"Jy ^° *h^ f™"'' ^"t also to either side and behind him; he must have " eyes at the back of his head " as the saying is. ' «r?^.*^"V^l'"^'^^'i!y '^^^l"^ *'*^^' yo" ^" see an enemy's scout hJ K 1 T"^ himself in a way that he would not have done had he thought you would look round. i> Tuf !i '* »"• ^"t^l^i^g story by Fenimore Cooper called " The Pathfinder," in which the action of an Indian scout is weU described. He had " eyes at the back of his head," and after passing some bushes he caught sight of a withered leaf or two among the fresh ones, which made him suspect that somebody Night Scouting ,j^ might have put the leaves there to make a better hidina-olace and so he discovered some hilden fugitives. ^ ^ ' Night Scouting n5jIi»**'o°"l^*t '° ^ ^.'''^ ^" "**^'*^^ «'"a" details just as much bv night as by day. and this he has to do chielfy by IbtenW occasionally by feeling or smelling. ^ ^ "stening, -n the stillness of the night sounds carry farther than bv dav h!S! t ^u^f "**. I **''"'"' "^^^^ 's touching the ground vou will each end Lie 'tT^ '' '? ^P^" '^ ''"'^^ ^-i^*^ ^ blade at bSwe^n ^ou t Jr ^^f^ '"'.*?. f " ^-""""^ ^"d hold the other vo eleven thotShV^Ilf- ^°t ^'" ^"^'^ "" '^" ^"^^- ^he human not UKeiy to be mistaken for any other sound. I have often passed through outposts at night after having found where the pickets were posted by hearing the low taS of the men or the snoring of those asleep. ^ "*^ A BOOr TO READ ON OBSERVATION "Aids to Scouting." Price is. nett. (Gale and Polden.) HINTS TO INSTRUCTORS How TO Teach Observation in Practice -Practices in ^L7r?T^^/"^*'l^ T"'' ^"y fi"^ ^^ ^^iking down a street to notice the dtferent kinds of shops as they pass and tTreLmber themtn their proper sequence at the end. remember Then to notice and remember the names on the shops. Then to notice and remember the contents of a shop window after two mtnuies' gaze. Finally to notice the contenisof^^eZ shop windows in succession, mth half a minute aTZch. ^ ^ iJnfJh^' f f ' '^"' "^f' A^owiW,/ buUdings as landmarks the number of turnings off the street they are using; ZZs of other streets; detaUs of horses and vehicles passing Z and especially, ^ails of the people as to dress features \aU ' »«!' bers on motor cars, policemen, etc. ^ ' ^ ' *"" send Take them he first tinie to show them how to do it; and after that tabTi^* ""f '^ JA^»> r./«r« question them, a beV Make them learn for themselves to notice and remember the 136 The Canadian Boy Scout tZ^" ■* '""'-*'«■ ^' ■*--. ^-' ^ M»^. .«- i*,'l!f, ^°™™r; r-*' '*« A*"/ out for a walk ami leach smOls of plants, animals, manure, etc. ^ pecmtar Then send them out a certain walk, and on their return */,«, tn ana tet them write thetr answers on, say, six Questions whirh ZcZiT "** "^'"^' '" -'"'•'• V«^^ "ff^S // adds to the value of the practice if you make a certain n^^ or matches, etc for the boys to notice or to pick ut and br^n The scout must on his return be abk to describe thl\er.nn Games in Obiervation Thimble-Finding (Indoors) Send the patrol out of the room. Take a thimble, ring, coin, bit of paper, or anv smaU artiH*. and place It where it is perfectly visS?; but Ta s^fwhere it k'^enC'fr'''"^- .H^ the patrol come ll^S^kfo ^•thSS^^^^^^^^ -^